(COMMON EXPRESSIONS)

a lot of [much or many]
We had a lot of rain.

carry out [to do; to put into effect]
Please carry out the plan.

pass a bill [approve]
Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.

take steps [to start to do something]
The government will take steps to halt inflation.

(WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE PROGRAMS)

antibodies [special proteins, produced in the blood, that kill harmful bacteria]
The body's defense system creates different antibodies for each disease it fights.

atom [a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join with parts of other elements]
All matter is made of atoms.

bacteria [living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope; some cause disease]
Some bacteria cause disease.

cell [a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals]
All plants and animals are made of cells.

chromosome [a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes]
Chromosomes carry the genes that make each of us different.

compound [a substance containing two or more elements]
A compound contains two or more chemical elements.

dense [close together; thick]
Lead is a dense material.

electron [a small part of an atom that has an electrical force]
An electron is a small part of an atom.

element [one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances]
An element cannot be separated into other substances.

enzyme [a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself]
An enzyme can change other substances without being changed itself.

fetus [unborn young]
A human embryo becomes a fetus after eight weeks.

fission [a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy]
Nuclear fission splits atoms to produce energy.

fusion [a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy]
Nuclear fusion joins atoms to produce energy.

genes [parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid]
Genes in the cell control the growth and development of living things.

genetic engineering [the science of changing the genes of a living thing]
Genetic engineering changes the genes of a living organism.

gravity [the force that pulls things toward the center]
Gravity is the force that pulls things toward the center.

image [a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing]
An image is a picture of someone or something.

laser [an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light]
A laser makes a thin, powerful beam of light.

magnet [a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism]
A magnet pulls on objects of iron or steel.

molecule [the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist]
A molecule is the smallest part of a chemical substance.

nerve [a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain]
Nerves carry information between the brain and the other parts of the body.

nucleic acid [a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)]
A molecule of nucleic acid holds the genetic information necessary for life.

nucleus [the center part of an atom or cell]
The nucleus is the center part of an atom or cell.

nutrient [a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow]
Food is a nutrient that makes humans and animals grow.

organ [a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain]
The heart and the brain are organs.

organism [a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope]
An organism is a living plant or animal of any size.

particle [a very small piece of matter]
A particle is a very small piece of matter.

proteins [substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue]
Proteins fix damaged tissue and help tissue grow.

robot [a machine that moves and performs tasks]
A robot is a machine that moves and does work.

tissue [living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing]
Tissue is a group of living cells.

virus [a kind of organism that causes disease]
A virus is a tiny organism that invades cells and causes disease.

x-rays [a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine]
X-ray radiation is used to make images of bones and tissue for medical purposes.

(SOME CHEMICAL ELEMENTS)

hydrogen: H
helium: He
carbon: C
nitrogen: N
oxygen: O
sodium: Na
magnesium: Mg
aluminum: Al
silicon: Si
phosphorus: P
sulfur: S
chlorine: Cl
potassium: K
calcium: Ca
titanium: Ti

iron: ?　Fe
nickel: Ni
copper: ?　Cu
zinc: Zn
silver: ?　Ag
tin: Sn
iodine: I
platinum: Pt
gold: 金　Au
mercury: 水?　Hg
lead: ?　Pb
radon: Rn
radium: 　Ra
uranium: U
plutonium: Pu

(PARTS OF THE BODY)

head:?
hair:毛、??
face:
ear:耳
mouth:口
nose:鼻
eye:目
chin:
neck:首
shoulder:肩
chest:胸
arm:腕
elbow:
wrist:手首
hand:手
thumb:
fingers:手指
leg:脚
knee:
ankle:
foot:足
toes:足指


(ORGANS OF THE BODY)

breast
The breast produces mother's milk to feed a baby.

heart
The heart pumps blood through the body.

intestines
The intestines are tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach. Part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body.

kidney
The kidneys clean wastes from the body.

liver
The liver makes some proteins and enzymes. It also removes poisons from the blood.

lung
The lungs take in and expel air from the body.

prostate
The prostate is a part of the male reproductive system.

stomach
The stomach breaks down food for the body to use.

uterus
The uterus is a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops.


(DISEASES)

AIDS:
Alzheimer's:
botulism:
cancer:
chicken pox:
cholera:
cystic fibrosis:
dengue fever:
diabetes: 糖尿病
diarrhea:
encephalitis:
hepatitis: 肝炎
influenza:
leukemia: 白血病
multiple sclerosis:
muscular dystrophy:
malaria:
measles:
meningitis:
Parkinson's:
polio:
pneumonia: 肺炎
rheumatic fever:
river blindness:
syphilis: 梅毒
tetanus: 破??L
tuberculosis: ?核
typhoid fever:
yellow fever: 黄?岵
whooping cough:


(THE PLANETS)

North Pole: 北?O
South Pole: 南?O
Moon: 月
Sun: 太?
Mercury: 水星
Venus: 金星
Earth: 地球
Mars: 火星
Jupiter: 木星
Saturn: 土星
Uranus: 天王星
Neptune: 海王星
Pluto: 冥王星

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