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18. sustain v. 确认 原意:支撑

例句:sustain an applicant in his claim 认定此人申诉有效

his words hold water 他的话言之有理 his words can not hold water 他的话站不住脚

19. animate v. 促使,、激烈、激活 例句:animate the discussion 使讨论热烈/animated discussion (heated and lively)激烈争论

20. penalty n. 刑罚

短语:death penalty 死刑 penalty kick 罚点球 free kick 任意球 corner 角球

例句: no penalty for guessing 不倒扣分

21. agony n. 极度痛苦难 agonise v.

短语:agony column(英语报纸常用) :claim 寻人启事 /divorce 离婚声明

同类词： torture 折磨/anguish 痛苦 / pang 痛苦(一阵一阵的)也可引申用

/ throes 分娩时阵痛 临死前苦痛 痛苦程度: throes>anguish

例句: it’s agonizing to …

22. inflict v. 使遭受 短语: inflict sth on sb.

例句:I inflict the trouble(misery) on him 我给他带来麻烦(不幸)