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Notes on the vocabularies 词语注释

goodwill=friendship n. 友好

goodwill games: 友好运动会

goodwill visit: 友好访问

pay a goodwill visit to

official visit: 官方正式访问

state visit: 国事访问

cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket (蟋蟀) 形容心情高兴，快乐无比

inclination n. 意愿

incline v.

be inclined to do sth 表示强烈的意愿

I am inclined to take toefl.

willing

show inclination to follow one's inclination 随心所欲

contest n. 比赛

近义词：competition game match tournament race

contest:a group of judges

beauty contest 选美比赛

competition: socially 抽象使用

Social competition is fierce.

Dog eat dog.人吃人。 形容竞争激烈。

game: physically , mentally

match: quite important

China won the 2002 World Cup match.

tournament: 淘汰赛;巡回赛。

race: 以速度见长

cycle racing 自行车比赛

car racing 赛车

orgy n. 恣意，放荡

revelry in 狂欢

I revelry in my success.

on a spree

The girl is on a shoping spree.

competitive: 竞争性的

combative-贬义词 同 aggressive

competitive-褒义词／中性词

competitor-竞争者

v. compete with sb. for sth.

pick up: 随意挑选

side: 队

patriotism n.地方观众，爱国主义

patriot:爱国者 patriotic:爱国的

involvevt. 卷入

involve oneself in a scandal be involved in

Lesson 7

The sporting spirit

体育的精神

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the hattlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce if from general principles.

Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit

参考译文

当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。

现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。 在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面对着这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期内如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。