Lesson 2
【Words & Expressions】
flock and herds 牛群和羊群
flock 多指羊群,鸟群,也可指人
eg. The birds of the same feather flock toghther. 物以类聚,人已群分
eg. You are the same flock. 你们真是一丘之貉.
eg. In the morning, people flock into the city to work.
herd 多指牛群
cow herd : 牛郎 cowboy : 牛仔,牧童 weavingmaid : 织女

school shoal : 鱼群
throng and crowd : 人群 eg. a throng/crowd of people
swarm : 蜂群,人群 eg. people swarm into the city.

owe v.
欠: issue I owe you a big favor.我欠你一个大人情。
常用口语: oblige, be obliged 深表感激动eg.I am much obliged. indebt , be indebted to you. appreciate
正式: grateful ，thankful I am thankful.

beast: 兽,人野蛮无比
eg. Beauty and Beast.
eg. He is a beast/beastly. 他禽兽不如.
不能使用animal,这个词与human对立,中性词.
creature: 可爱的.可以指小孩,女人.不能指男人.

fraction: n.小部分 小数 分数
a fraction of time(马上).
eg. I can do it in a fraction of time.
eg. a fraction of rice will suffice.

on one's behalf 代表...的利益=for one's sake/benefits(注意读音)
eg. I beat you on your behalf. (mom to her boy)
eg. Spare the crib, spoil the child. 打是亲骂是爱.
-- on behalf of sb./sth. = represent
eg. President Jiang :
"on bahalf of Chinese gov., I extend(指送出) my warmest welcome to the delegates(代表) to APIC in Shanghai."
-- on behalf of =represent
eg. Li Ming attended the sports on behalf of his class.

authority n. 权威
authorize v.批准
authoritative adj.权威的
authoritarian adj 独裁的
-tarian 词缀都是坏词
dictator: 独裁者 dictatorial adj.独裁的
authorities :1)权威(可单可复) 2)当局(复数形式):eg. Bush authorities
administration government

census n.统计数字
eg. The fifth nationwide population census.第五次人口普查.
censor n.审查员.
censorious adj. 挑剔的,挑刺的.=picky/choosy/finicky

acre 英亩
1 acre= 4047 square metres.
cubic meters 立方米

football pitch 足球场=football yard/court/field/
soccer
AmE: football=rugby 橄榄球

con`tent adj.满足的(做表语,不能用于定语结构)
`content n. 内容,目录
eg. He is content with status quo(现状)=present condition.
contented heart: 心满意足的人

spare v. 饶恕
eg.Spare me/my live.
eg.He dosen't spare himself.= He is very self-controled/self-strict.自立性很强.
eg.I spare no efforts to learn English. 不遗余力地学英语.

[tips]
连缀怎么用
stupefy: 吓呆了
do: do my shoe 系鞋带 do my nail 剪指甲
do my hair --only for ladies 女士做头
多了解小词的用法

【Text】
you may wonder 插入语
先不管插入语,弄清句子结构
you may wonder why spiders should be our friends.
插入语位置不固定.

why 以疑问句开头,更吸引人(write beautifully)
eg.Why, you may wonder, the problem of pollution befalls(降临到) human beings.
eg.Why, you may wonder, one of my friends is so kindhearted.

destroy: (程度比damage强烈的多) 片甲不留,消灭光
tear into pieces: 撕个粉碎

greatest enemy(ies): 天敌=dying/crying/dear(反语) enemy

human race: 人的种族,一般不加复数,总称词

imposible和posible,probable永远不要用人做主语
应这样用: It's imposible for sb todo sth.
而likely可以用人做主语: eg.I'm likely to go.

devour: 狼吞虎咽 eg.devour the food
--eg. I will make a cake of myself.(我要吃个痛快)
--eg. make a god of myself.把我自己当上帝(玩个痛快)
eg. Devour the book. 贪婪地看这本书.

they would devour...,if it were not for...
it 虚拟语气 前面是主句,后面是条件句
前面would加动词devour,后面用一般过去式
if it were not for : 如果这不是因为=but for -- 一定是虚拟语气
eg. I would not survive if it were not for his timely help.

We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat
insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed
by spiders.
owe: 感激,欠
eg. I owe you. I owe 5 yuan to you.
前面的birds and beasts引出主题
all of them put together: 把它们堆到一起 put是PP做后置定语 谓语动词是kill
同理, destroyed也是后置定语

put together
eg. We two put together can match him in weight.

moreover-- 表递进的重要手段 : what's more / further more

Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.
do harm to : 表伤害
as many people think: 正如人们认为一样 as代指Spiders are not insects.
nor even related to: 甚至几乎和他们没有一点关系

tell: 区别,区分

glance: 看的全 take a glance
glimpse: 稍微一瞥,看不全 take glimpse of

be engaged in : 从事
eg. The line is engaged.-- 电话占线.
eg. She is engaged. -- 她订婚了.

对...的权威: on

2,250,000= two million two hundred fifty thousand
6,000,000= six million
something like= about
eg. I am something like 100 pounds in weight.
6,000,000 spiders of all kinds(后置定语)= all kinds of 6,000,000 spiders
原句= something like different kinds of 6,000,000 spiders

be busy in doing sth

make a guess at: 猜
make a wild guess: 瞎猜
make more than the wildest guess at= 最高程度由你猜

表伴随-- not content with

It has been estimated-- 重要语法
would 表假设
be greater than 说明:1,昆虫杀的多 2,英国人太少 幽默的语调

[tips]
grasshopper: 蚂蚱
joghopper: 跳槽者
cuckoo: 布谷鸟,杜鹃
dragonfly: 蜻蜓
earthworm: 蚯蚓
flea: 跳蚤
wall lizard: 壁虎
ladybird: 瓢虫