动名词与不定词


1.有些动词,如attempt, begin, (can't) bear, cease, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, start等,后接动名词或不定词,在意义上无区别。但有时有的在用法上有些不同,大体上说,表示比较抽象的一般行为多用动名词;而表示特指的某次具体的动作,特别是表示未来的动作多用不定词。

She likes watching TV on weekends.

她喜欢在周末看电视。

表示一般行为。

She likes to watch TV this weekend.

她想在本周末看电视。表示某次具体行为。

She hates smoking.

她讨厌抽烟。

动名词smoking的动作发出者是anybody,泛指的任何人。

She hates to smoke.

她不喜欢抽烟。

to smoke的动作发出者是主语she。

2.有些动词,如forget, remember, mean, regret, try等后接动名词或不定词意义不同。表示未来要...时,要后接不定词,其他场合要接动名词。

Please remember to mail the letter.

请记住寄这封信。

Then remember to buy the things listed on the paper on your way home.

那么请记住在回家的路上买纸上列出的东西。

表示"记着做...",remember要接不定词。

I remember borrowing ten pounds from you.

我记得向你借了十英镑。

记得过去做过的事,remember要接动名词。

I forgot to mail the letter.

我忘记寄这封信了。

表示忘记要去做的事,forget要接不定词。

I forgot about borrowing 10 pounds from you.

我忘了曾向你借了十英镑。

You forgot about cleaning yesterday.

你昨天忘记打扫了。

表示忘记过去做过的事,forget要接动名词,用简单过去式forgot时,其后常要加about。

I've been trying to get you on the phone.

我一直在设法打电话找你。

表示设法、试图时,try要接不定词。

He tried writing out his views.

他试着把他的意见写下来。

表示尝试做什么时,try要接动名词。

3.动词need, want后接动名词和不定词的用法不同。表示想要或需要...的意义时,要接不定词,表示需要...的被动意义时,要接动名词的主动式或不定词的被动式。

I want to go to the concert.

我想去听音乐会。

So I want to sleep for a while.

所以我想要睡一会儿。

want 后接不定词,表示想要...。

The flowers want(need) watering.

这些花需要浇了。

The bathroom wants(needs) cleaning.

盥洗室需要打扫了。

want(need)后接动名词,以主动的形式表示需要...的被动意义。

4.在afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, beg, choose, claim, dare, decide, decline, demand, deserve, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, think, threaten, undertake, wish等动词后,只能接不定词作宾语。

I decide to take a walk outside.

我觉得憋气。我决定去外面散散步。

I wish to see you soon.

我希望早些见到你。

5.只可接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有acknowledge, admit, advise, avoid, consider, defer, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, resist, risk, save, stop, suggest, understand等。

I enjoy cycling.

我喜欢骑脚踏车。

I forget that you dislike smoking.

我忘记你不喜欢抽烟了。

6.动词excuse(原谅), forgive(原谅), pardon(原谅)只能后接带有表示动作者的所有格或宾格的动名词。

Excuse(Forgive,Pardon) my interrupting you.

原谅我打扰你了。

7.有些动词片语的后面只可接动名词。常见的有can't help, can't stand, have done, burst out, come near, give up, put off等。

She couldn't help smiling at the words.

听了这话她禁不住笑了。