Lesson 20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Why is fishing the writer's favourite sport?

Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

参考译文

钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动. 我经常一钓数小时却一无所获, 但我从不为此烦恼. 有些垂钓者就是不走运, 他们往往鱼钓不到, 却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾. 我的运气甚至还不及他们. 我什么东西也未钓到过 -- 就连旧靴子也没有. 我总是在河上呆上整整一上午, 然后空着袋子回家. “你可别再钓鱼了!” 我的朋友们说, “这是浪费时间. “然而他们没有认识到重要的一点, 我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣, 我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟, 无所事事!

【课文讲解】 fish一般情况下作为不可数名词用

There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea.

fish(v.) : 钓鱼, 捕鱼

主语通常由名词和代词充当, 以及动词+ing, 如eating,reading等等

for+时间……表示一段时间

for hours=for some hours

without(prep.)

介词后面一定要加宾语, 介词后面的动词一定要加 “-ing”

动词+ing : 1.做主语; 2.做宾语

anything用在否定句中

without作为状语而出现, 表示结果状语

He went out without saying any words.

Without asking for money,the boy went to school.

without 后面的动作是主语来做的

(v.)worry sb. 作动词一定要加人作宾语, 翻译时从后往前翻

The house worried me. / My daughter worried me.

(adj.)be worried about 主语为宾语而感到担心

I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me.

instead of 后面的词一定是没有做的, 可以放在主句后面

without强调没有做某件事, instead of强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事

instead of:我原准备做……但是后来做了……

I went to school instead of staying at home.我没呆在家里而是去上学了

I bought books instead of buying dresses.

less+原形 : A is less ... than B (译为不如) more beautiful / less beautiful

spend+时间+在某地 : 在某地度过……时间

after(conj.)+从句, 从句主语必须是主句的主语才能换成下面一种形式

after(prep.)+名词/动词的ing形式

After I go to school,I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一个事实, 不用 “went to” )

After going to school,I learned a lot of knowledge.

With an empty bag 注意连读

with: 带着(状语)

without; 没带 I always go home without angthing. 什么都没带回家

give up doing sth : 放弃做某事/stop doing

give up smoking.

be interested in 主语对什么感兴趣

在船上　in a boat

not at all在否定句中起强调作用

【Key structures】　关键句型

细读下面的例句, 特别注意用斜体印出的以-ing结尾的词.

a 动名词作主语

Eating is always a pleasure. 吃总是一件愉快的事情.

Watching television is my favourite pastime. 看电视是我最喜爱的业馀爱好.

Reading in bed is something I always enjoy. 我总喜欢躺在床上看书

b 动名词作宾语

I am very keen on cycling. 我非常喜欢骑自行车.

She is afraid of staying in that house alone. 她害怕单独住在那间屋子里.

He is capable of doing anything. 他能胜任任何事情.

c Note how these sentences have been joined.

注意在以下例句中如何用动名词将两个短句连到一起.

He sat there. He did not say anything. 他坐在那儿, 他什么话也不说.

He sat there without saying anything. 他默默无语地坐在那里.

He turned off the radio. He left the room. 他关掉了收音机, 他离开了房间.

Before leaving the room, he turned off the radio. 离开房间之前, 他关掉了收音机.

He looked at this watch. He hurried to the station. 他看了一下手表. 他匆忙赶到火车站.

After looking at his watch, he hurried to the station. 他看了一下手表之后, 就匆忙赶往火车站.

Or: After having looked at his watch, he hurried to the station.

I must apologize. I interrupted you. 我得表示道歉. 我打断了你的说话(工作).

I must apologize for interrupting you. 由于打断了你的说话(工作), 我得表示道歉.

Or: I must apologize for having interrupted you.

I must apologize. I did not let you know earlier. 我得表示道歉. 我没有早一点让你知道.

I must apologize for not letting you know earlier. 由于没有早点让你知道, 我得表示道歉.

Or: I must apologize for not having let you know earlier.

He congratulated me. I won the competition. 他向我道贺. 我赢得了这次比赛.

He congratulated me on winning the competition. 在我赢得这次比赛之际, 他向我祝贺.

Or: He congratulated me on having won the competition.

动词+ing(非谓语动词)可以做主语和宾语

b. be keen on,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy+动词ing : 喜欢做某事

be afraid of

be up to ,be capable of (capable adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的)

without, instead of

c. I apologize. 我道歉 (apologize vi.道歉, 辩白)

apologize for (not) doing sth. 为什么事情而道歉

thank you for listening/attending

for interrupting you 只强调这件事 (doing)

for having interrupted you 强调这个动作先做了, 强调时间 (having done)

以上两者为时间概念不同

not doing 没做某事

congratulate sb. on doing sth. (congratulate vt.祝贺, 庆贺, 恭喜)

Exercises C(用括号中的词来连接下列句子, 如需要可对原句进行必要的改动)

1.He went out of the restaurant. (without) He did not pay the bill.

1.without

without prep.+ doing

He went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.

2.She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.

2.instead of

She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.

＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.

3.She was afraid. (of) She did not spend the night alone.

3.of

She was afraid of spending the night alone.

4.(After) She heard the news. She fainted.

4.after

after+从句; after prep.+doing

After hearing the news,she fainted. (faint n.昏晕, 昏倒 adj.虚落地, 衰弱的, 软弱的, 无力的, 微弱的, 暗淡的, 模糊的 vi.昏晕, 昏倒, 变得微弱, 变得没气力)

5.Think carefully. (before) Answer my question.

5.before

Think carefully before answering my question.

在回答我的问题之前, 请仔细考虑.

6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for cover

6.on

as soon as : 一... 就... : as soon as I entered...

the moment +从句 : the moment I had entered

以上两个主语不一定是同一个人

on (prep.)+doing 两个动作必须是同一个人(即主句主语)

On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.(冲进掩护体 n.少量(搀加物), 冲撞, 破折号, 锐气, 精力, 干劲 vi.猛掷, 冲撞 vt.泼溅, 使猛撞, 搀和, 使破灭, 使沮丧, 匆忙完成)

【Special Difficulties】 难点

细读以下例句 :

a Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.

Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing. (11. 7-8)

钓鱼没意思. 我对钓鱼并不真正感兴趣.

The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited. 比赛非常激动人心. 观众非常激动.

b It's and Its. It's a waste of time. (11. 6-7)

It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining too. 今天天气冷. 而且正在下雨.

The cat drank its milk. 猫喝了它的牛奶.

This engine has lost its power. 这台发动机已失去了动力.

c Realize and Understand. They don't realize ... (1. 7)

I realized he was mad. 我意识到他疯了.

He didn't realize that he had made a mistake. 他没有意识到他犯了一个错误.

I don't understand English. 我不懂英语.

Exercises(选择正确的词填空)

1.I (realized) (understood) he was not telling me the truth.

I realized...意识到

2.This poem is difficult. (It's) (Its) impossible for you to (understand) (realize) (its) (it's) meaning.

...It's impossible...to understand its meaning / for sb 逻辑主语

its形容词性物主代词 poem n.诗, 象诗一样, 美丽的东西

it's = it is; it作形式主语

3.There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio.

3....exciting news...

excited 　感动的

exciting　令人激动的

on the radio 在广播上

Eg. : I got news on the radio/on TV/on the telephone/on the line(在线).

4.He is not an (interesting) (interested) person.

....an interesting person

interested 感兴趣的

interesting 有趣的

5.He is an explorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life.

...an exciting life explorer n.探险家, 探测者, 探测器

lead a life 过着...日子

lead a happy life

Eg.; He leads a poor life.

excited 感到激动的

exciting 令人激动的

如果 -ed,-ing 做形容词即作定语时, 和被修饰词有关, 如题中, 令人激动的生活而非生活感到激动

6.I am not (interesting) (interested) in other people's affairs.

....not interested in ... affairs.

interested　感兴趣的

interesting 有趣的

be interested in 对……感兴趣

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

2 The writer enjoys ______ .

a.catching fish b.fishing c.doing nothing d.swimming in the river

2. ...enjoys...C

catching fish 抓鱼

fishing　钓鱼

doing nothing　什么都不做

swimming in the river　在河里游泳

enjoying doing sth / enjoy + n.

I enjoy books.

I enjoy reading books.

6 His bag is empty. He has ______ .

a.a empty bag b.an empty bag c.empty bag d.one empty bag

6. ...He has...B

an empty bag

one empty bag

an　指一个, 强调名词

one　一个, 强调 one,强调数量

I have a garden.

I have one garden.

强调empty bag

I sent a letter.

I wrote one word.

7 I am only interested in doing nothing. That's ______ I'm interested in.

a.only b.the one c.all d.the only

7. ...That's...C

(that's/the) only 一般加名词

that+从句, 从句往往以特殊疑问词引导

that's why

that's when

that's all 那就是一切 (That’s all said.)

That's all(I heard).

That's all I can remember.

the one 指东西, 不指事情

11 He always goes ______ with an empty bag.

a.to home b.to house c.to the house d.home

11. ...D

go home 习惯用法, 最佳答案

go to the house　语法正确

没有规则与语法相提并论时, 语法为大.

当语法与习惯用法相提并论时, 习惯用法为大.

Where are you going?(更习惯这么说)

Where are you going to?