60 Years After Israel's Founding, Palestinians Are Still Refugees

以色列建国60年 巴难民处境

　



Sixty years ago, May 8, 1948, Israel declared its independence - following a decision by the United Nations to partition the area known as the British mandate territory of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. Israelis celebrate their independence, but for Palestinians the anniversary is known as al-Naqba or the catastrophe. In the war that ensued, many Palestinians fled to the West Bank, which became part of Jordan and then was seized by Israel in the 1967 war. For these Palestinian refugees, and for others in the surrounding Arab countries, the anniversary of Israel's founding is an annual reminder of the homes they lost many years ago.

　

六十年前的五月八号，以色列宣布独立。在这之前，联合国决定把所谓的英国托管巴勒斯坦地区划分为阿拉伯和犹太两个部分。犹太人为此举行欢庆，但是，对巴勒斯坦人来说，这个日子却是一场灾难。每年这个日子都让他们想起多年前失去的家园。

The old men of the Jalazone refugee camp near the West Bank city of Ramallah have plenty of time to think of the past. Many have been here for 60 years - ever since they fled their former homes in what became Israel.

　

在约旦河西岸城市拉马拉附近的贾拉佐尼难民营里有一些老人在打牌，他们有许多时间来思考过去。自当年他们逃离了现在是以色列的家园后，许多人在难民营里已经住了六十年了。

Sixty years after Israel's founding, more than four million Palestinians are still refugees. Many live in crowded refugee camps like Jalazone on the West Bank, which Israel seized in 1967.

　

以色列建国六十年后，依然有四百多万巴勒斯坦难民。许多人住在约旦河西岸类似贾拉佐尼的拥挤的难民营里。以色列在1967年的阿拉伯和以色列战争中占领了这块领土。

Often, they survive on international donor assistance.

Mohammed Ghawanmeh and his mother Hajar have lived in Jalazone for more than 50 years. Mohammed was born in this house. His only other address was an Israeli prison, where he served time for being a leader of the Palestinian militant group Islamic Jihad.

　

穆罕默德.加瓦曼和他的母亲哈贾尔居住在难民营里已经50多年。穆罕默德.加瓦曼就出生在难民营。他唯一的另一个住址是以色列的一个监狱。他曾经被关押在那里，因为他担任巴勒斯坦激进组织伊斯兰圣战组织的领导人。

The lives of Mohammed and his mother are defined by exile.

Hajar says this key is all the family has of their house in their native village, Dawayima. The family fled in the 1948 war that followed Israel's independence. Hajar says she still longs to go back, "If I had my way after 60 years I would go back right now and nothing here means anything to me. The only thing that means anything is my village. I can't go back and I am frustrated. I will only be a total human being if I can go back."

　

哈贾尔.加瓦曼说，他们一家逃离代瓦伊迈村的家时，留下唯一的就是那里的家门钥匙。哈贾尔.加瓦曼一家在以色列独立后发生的1948年战争中离开。哈贾尔说，她仍然盼望回去。“六十年后的今天，如果我有办法，我还是想立即回家，这里所有的一切对我来说都没有意义。唯一对我有意义的就是我的家乡。我无法再回去，我很失望。只有回去，我才能成为一个完整的人。”

In 1948, as their state was declared, Israelis were joyous. But Arab armies almost immediately attacked the new state. Israel fought a desperate battle for survival. In the process 700,000 Palestinians lost their homes and fled to surrounding Arab countries and to the West Bank.

　

1948年，以色列宣布建国时，以色列人欢呼雀跃。但是，阿拉伯的军队立即对这个新生国家发动攻击。以色列为生存而进行殊死战斗。在这个过程中，有70万巴勒斯坦人失去了家园，逃到了临近的阿拉伯国家、以及约旦河西岸和加沙地带。

Dawayima was attacked by Israel's 89th battalion. About 100 villagers were killed. Everyone else fled, never to return.

　

代瓦伊迈村遭到以色列军队第89营的袭击。大约100位村民被打死，剩下的人都逃走了，从此之后再也没有回去。

This is all that now remains of Dawayima. The olive groves are now deep inside Israel and no one lives here anymore.

　

村庄也没有留下任何痕迹，现在是以色列境内的一块农田。

Some Israeli leaders have said that Israeli soldiers forced Palestinians to leave their villages. But Israeli leaders say the Jewish state would be doomed if Palestinian refugees are allowed to return.

　

以色列领导人说，如果允许巴勒斯坦难民返回他们原先在以色列的家园，以色列国家就会消亡。

Issam Arruri Directs the Jerusalem Legal Aid Center in the West Bank city of Ramallah. He says the refugee issue is central to the Palestinian cause, "The issue of refugees is the essence of the conflict. Before 1967 the West Bank and Gaza were not occupied and there were no settlements, no barrier, but there was a conflict because of the issue of refugees."

　

阿萨姆.阿鲁里是约旦河西岸城市拉马拉的耶路撒冷法律援助中心主任。他说，难民问题是巴勒斯坦问题的核心问题。“难民问题是冲突的根本问题。1967年前，约旦河西岸和加沙没有被占领。那里没有定居点，没有安全障碍，但是由于难民问题而产生了冲突。没有巴勒斯坦行政当局会在这个问题上作出根本的让步，因为这个问题刻在巴勒斯坦人的内心深处。”

Back in the Jalazone refugee camp the refugees are bitter after 60 years of exile.

　

再回到的贾拉佐里难民营，在经历了六十年的流亡生活后，难民们怨声载道。

A man says he will never give up the dream of returning to his old home, "All the people in the camp and not just this camp have two things that are important to them; their land and their honor. These two are inseparable."

But Mohammed Ghawanmeh says while he would like to return to Dawayima he realizes he probably never will, "The right of return is the right of refugees to go back to their towns but is it possible I do not think so."

　

穆罕默德.加瓦曼说，他很想回到代瓦伊迈村，但是他也意识到这也许永远不可能。“回去的权利就是每一个难民回到他们自己家乡的权利，但是这可能吗， 我想不可能”。

Mohammed says, if a Palestinian state is created in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, he will accept it as his new home. He says Palestinians will drop their resistance to Israel once they have a state of their own.

　

穆罕默德.加瓦曼说，如果能在约旦河西岸和加沙地带建立巴勒斯坦国，他愿意接受它成为自己的新家园。他说，一旦巴勒斯坦人有了自己的国家，他们就不会再抵抗以色列。