感谢大耳朵网友“晞紫冥”提供的听力原文！
听力试题：
（听力原文在试题下面）
Section A

Directions:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.after each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11.A.The woman invites the man to have dinner.

B.The man won't visit the woman.

C.The man is very busy these days.

D.The man's wife is relatively free.

12.A.He often cuts classes to play basketball.

B.He has no chance to play basketball.

C.He's looking for somebody to play the game with.

D.He loves playing basketball very much.

13.A.He's surprised she chose that agency.

B.He wonders why she's kept her job.

C.He doesn't konw when her classes started.

D.He doubts she makes much money now.

14.A.He should try a better and convenient way.

B.He should give up looking for the book.

C.He should ask the librarian for help.

D.He should try the shelves downstairs.

15.A.Asking someone else to help the woman.

B.Asking the woman for directions.

C.Show the woman the map.

D.Show the woman where the dormitory is.

16.A.She is going to have some visitors tonight.

B.She does not like their former foreign teachers.

C.She is going to see her foreign teachers tonight.

D.She has already been invited to the man's house.

17.A.She's never been treated by Dr.Joanna.

B.She's been sitting in the waiting room too long.

C.Dr.Joanna isn't the very good choice.

D.She'd like to recommend a magazine to the man.

18.A.Spending too much money on the custertoms.

B.Finding no available conference room in Shangri-la.

C.Too many customers coming to attend the meeting.

D.Few customers going to see ice sculptures and buildings.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19.A.He usually doesn't return home.

B.He is short of money.

C.The house he rents is too large.

D.He is very lonely.

20.A.It is dirty in several places,.

B.It has a few tears here and there.

C.It is really worn out.

D.It is out of date.

21.A.She helps the man fix up the house.

B.She agrees to share the cost of rent.

C.She decides to look for another place.

D.She persuades the man to change a house.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22.A.Keys to paper recycling.

B. Importance of recycling.

C.Keys to recycling improvement.

D.Techonological progress in recycling.

23.A.Newspaper.

B.Carbon paper.

C.Food wrapper.

D.Waxed paper.

24.A.Sell advanced technology and send more experts to help the companies.

B.Provide the companies with advanced technologyand equipments.

C.Lend more money to the companies with high interests.

D.Give money to the companies to improve their equipments and promote their research.

25.A.The demand for recycled materials should be increased.

B.New technology is needed.

C.The public should know more about recycling.

D.More trees should be saved.

Section B

Directions: In this section,you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26.A.They were evident in the decreased world temperature.

B.They were of several days' duration worldwide.

C.They were felt mainly in the Dutch East Indies.

D.They were immediately evident to the world's scientists.

27.A.England's proximity to the sea.

B.Volcanic ash in the atmosphere.

C.Flooding in the area.

D.Pollution caused by the International Revolution.

28.A.There was a long interval between cause and effect.

B.The weather was difficult foe us to forecast.

C.weather forecast was inaccurate.

D.Ecologists didn't appear until modern times.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29.A.A government document.

B.A literary work.

C.A social art.

D.An individual's creation.

30.A.Because they were not easily burned and can last long.

B.Because they were very cheap materials.

C.Because they could be found here and there.

D.Because they could add artistic value nto buildings.

31.A.Architecture and Literature.

B.Development of Architecture.

C..Classification of Architecture.

D..Materials of Architecture.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32.A.What they have regretted for a long time.

B.Their relationships with families and friends.

C.What they have experienced too much.

D.The things they have experienced during their childhood.

33.A.Those dream interpretations are based on psychological thesis.

B.We can find nothing reliable in those interpretations.

C.Some dream interpretation of dreams are not very believable.

D.Most of the interpretations of during their childhood.

34.A.Reading difficult books.

B.Competing in athletic competitions.

C.Talking with some friends.

D.Encountering an unresolved issue.

35.A.In dreams we solve those problems.

B.After dreaming we forget our problems.

C.After dreaming we have a clear mind.

D.It gives us ways to deal with the problems.

Section C

Directions:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written.

Water projects in the United States gained a new principle in the 1930’s.And during this time the nation sufferedits worst economic (36) ______and the Great Plains region suffered its worst (37)______ in recorded history.As the economy sank into a deep depression and (38)______rates increased,the political climate for direct federal government(39)______ in water projects improved.President Franklin Rooseveh’s first 100 days in office brought a (40)______ of new laws to deal with the (41)______economic depression.

The natural pattern of the Tennessee River was (42)______ by large spring flows that produced (43)______floods and low summer flows that inhibited navigation.(44)______________________________.To counter these natural obstacles,the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA),a public agency with broad powers to promote development in the region,including the authority to build dams and reservoirs and to generate and sell hydroelectric power.(45)___________________________.The TVA inherited the Wilson Dam,

and by the beginning of the Second World War it had completed six additional multipurpose dams with power plants and locks for navigation.Investments in dams and hydropower facilities within the Tennessee Valley also received high priority during the war.

(46)_____________________________.The NIRA also gave the United States President unprecedented powers to initiate public works,including water projects.

参考答案：

Section A

11.B 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.A 17.C 18.A

19.B 20.A 21.C

22.C 23.A 24.D 25.A

Section B

Passage One 26.A 27.B 28.A

Passage Two 29.C 30.A 31.B

Passage Three 32.B 33.D 34.D 35.D

Section C

36.depression

37.drought

38.unemployment

39.involvement

40.number

41.severe

42.characterized

43.destructive

44.The intensity and frequency of the events discouraged development and contributed to persistent poverty in the valley

45.This organization used its authority to transform the River into one of the most highly regulated rivers in the world within about two decades

46.The NIRA authorized the creation of the Public Works Administration to create jobs while

undertaking work of benefit to the community

听力材料：

[00:08.41]Model Test Seven

[00:12.07]Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension

[00:15.67]Section A

[00:16.93]Directions: In this section,

[00:20.34]you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.

[00:24.56]At the end of each conversation,

[00:27.40]one or more questions will be asked about what was said.

[00:31.22]Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.

[00:35.84]After each question there will be a pause.

[00:39.15]During the pause,

[00:40.97]you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),

[00:46.28]and decide which is the best answer.

[00:48.69]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer

[00:52.60]Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

[00:56.13]Now, let’s begin with the eight short conversations.

[01:01.12]11. W: Hi, this is Jane.

[01:05.24]We’re back from the holiday.

[01:07.54]Come over and visit us tonight after you have dinner, would you?

[01:11.91]M: I have classes tomorrow morning,

[01:14.18]and Mary is busy preparing for her exam.

[01:17.31]Q: What can we infer from the conversation?

[01:39.54]12. W: Hi, Tom. Have you been playing much basketball lately?

[01:45.10]M: I play as often as I can get out of the classroom.

[01:48.41]And the game is my way to be somebody. It is my life, you know?

[01:53.32]Q: What does Tom tell the woman?

[02:15.01]13. W: Judy earned a lot of money over the summer as

[02:19.69]a consultant for that agency.

[02:22.06]M: I don’t doubt it.

[02:24.03]What surprises me is that she’s still working there now

[02:27.07]that classes have started again.

[02:28.91]Q: What does the man say about Judy?

[02:50.67]14. M: I cannot find the reference book

[02:54.39]the teacher asked us to read.

[02:56.73]W: Why do you look for it on the shelves?

[02:59.32]Why don’t you use the searching system in the computer downstairs?

[03:04.33]Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

[03:26.79]15. W: Can you help me?

[03:29.82]I don’t know where I am on this map.

[03:32.39]And I don’t know where the new students’ dormitory is.

[03:36.07]M: I’m a freshman. I’m heading that way now.

[03:39.17]Q: What will the man probably do?

[04:01.13]16. M: I have invited our former foreign teachers to

[04:06.16]my house for dinner tonight.

[04:07.85]Why don’t you come to join us?

[04:10.25]I am sure they will be glad to see you.

[04:12.54]W: I’d like to. Perhaps I will have a rain check because

[04:15.91]I have some visitors from Canada tonight.

[04:18.63]Q: Why cannot the woman accept the man’s invitation?

[04:41.83]17. M: I need to find a dentist.

[04:45.49]You’re familiar with Dr. Joanna,

[04:48.12]do you recommend her?

[04:49.88]W: Yes, I’ve been seen by her a few times.

[04:52.63]And the best I can say for her is

[04:55.13]she has interesting magazines in her waiting room.

[04:58.04]Q: What does the woman imply?

[05:19.09]18. M: There are about 100 customers coming to attend the meeting.

[05:25.65]After meeting do we need to arrange some activities for them?

[05:30.18]W: Renting a conference room at the Shangri-la already takes much money.

[05:34.87]Arranging 100 customers to see the ice sculptures

[05:38.40]and ice buildings will cost us too much.

[05:41.41]Q: What does the woman worry about?

[06:03.66]Now you’ll hear two long conversations.

[06:06.29]Conversation One

[06:09.04]M: Hi. Come in.

[06:11.44]W: Hi. I stopped by to see if you were still looking for

[06:15.07]a roommate to share your house.

[06:17.28]M: Sure, I am. Ever since I cut back on my working hours to go to school,

[06:22.82]I’ve really had a tight budget. Let me show you the place.

[06:26.72]Here’s the living room.

[06:28.57]W: Oh. It looks like you could use a new carpet... and those stains?

[06:32.91]M: Well. I know it needs to be cleaned,

[06:35.94]but I just don’t have the money to do it right now.

[06:39.16]W: And what about the kitchen?

[06:41.72]M: Right this way. Look.

[06:43.50]It’s completely furnished with all the latest,

[06:46.29]appliances except ...

[06:48.98]W: What?

[06:49.57]M: Well, the refrigerator door is broken and

[06:53.06]it won’t shut all the way.

[06:54.87]It needs fixing, but don’t worry.

[06:57.47]I’ve just pushed a box against it to keep it shut.

[07:00.28]W: Great.

[07:01.50]M: Ah. It isn’t that bad.

[07:03.00]W: Well how about the bathroom?

[07:04.94]M: Well.... It is fine, but, uh,

[07:08.65]the tiles in the bathroom need to be replaced,

[07:11.34]and the window needs fixing.

[07:13.34]W: Let me see. The tile... what?

[07:15.69]The window? Where’s the window pane?

[07:17.94]M: Well, that’s another slight problem.

[07:20.62]I’ve put up a piece of cardboard to keep out the rain and snow,

[07:24.16]and if it gets a little cold, you can always turn on the heat.

[07:27.43]W: Hey, I think I’ve seen enough.

[07:29.28]I can’t believe you’ve survived under these conditions.

[07:32.55]M: So what do you think?

[07:34.42]You really can’t beat a place like this for ＄450 a month.

[07:39.33]So it has its problems, but we can fix those.

[07:42.49]W: No, thank you. I think I’ve seen enough.

[07:45.76]Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

[07:51.64]19. Why does the man need a roommate to pay for rent?

[08:13.81]20. What is wrong with the carpet in the living room?

[08:34.68]21. What does the woman probably do at the end of the conversation?

[08:55.64]Conversation Two

[08:57.49]M: Good evening and welcome to our program. Our guest is Mrs. Green,

[09:02.27]who is an expert in the field of environmental protection.

[09:05.77]Welcome to our program, Mrs. Green.

[09:08.27]W: Thank you.

[09:09.42]M: Well, we hear it a lot in the news these days:

[09:12.92]“Recycle newspapers and save a tree.

[09:15.73]Collect bottles and cans so they can be reused

[09:19.07]in the manufacturing of new products.”

[09:21.45]But how to promote the recycling movement?

[09:24.63]Can you give us some suggestions?

[09:26.76]W: I think there are three essential keys.

[09:29.82]M: What is the first one?

[09:31.51]W: The first key is to have a more informed public,

[09:34.55]that is, to raise public awareness about the recycling process,

[09:38.99]to explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled,

[09:42.57]and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them.

[09:46.48]Local governments should educate the public on

[09:50.26]how to properly sort reusable materials from those,

[09:53.60]like waxed paper, carbon paper,

[09:56.38]plastic material such as fast food wrappers,

[09:59.73]that can’t be recycled very easily.

[10:02.13]M: Then what is the second key?

[10:04.98]W: The second is the development of improved technology.

[10:08.79]Technological progress has been made on many fronts,

[10:12.23]but governmental agencies need to step up

[10:15.41]their support for companies involved in recycling

[10:18.07]by providing tax incentives, low-cost loans,

[10:21.70]or even grants to upgrade equipment and to encourage further research.

[10:26.61]M: So what about the third essential key?

[10:29.76]W: The final key is to develop a greater demand for recycled materials.

[10:34.32]This means increasing demand for the growing surplus of

[10:38.82]resources waiting to be recycled.

[10:41.53]M: Recycling is a crucial link protecting our planet.

[10:45.35]The three keys Mrs. Green mentioned are important ways to achieve this end.

[10:50.16]Thanks for joining us, Mrs. Green.

[10:52.32]W: You’re welcome.

[10:53.63]Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

[11:00.44]22. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

[11:23.97]23. According to the conversation, which material can be easily recycled?

[11:46.16]24. What can the government do to support the recycling companies?

[12:10.51]25. What is the last key to the recycling movement?

[12:30.87]Section B

[12:32.37]Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.

[12:38.53]At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.

[12:43.15]Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.

[12:48.15]After you hear a question,

[12:51.10]you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

[12:58.09]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer

[13:01.43]Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

[13:04.50]Passage One

[13:06.25]Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline

[13:10.50]in the world’s average air temperature.

[13:13.37]In order to prove that theory,

[13:15.72]ecologists have turned to historical data

[13:18.90]in relation to especially huge volcanic eruptions.

[13:22.93]They suspect that volcanoes effect weather changes

[13:27.56]that are similar to air pollution.

[13:30.12]One source of information is the effect of the eruption of Tambora,

[13:35.93]a volcano in Sumbawa,

[13:38.62]the Dutch East Indies—the former name of the Republic of Indonesia—in April 1815.

[13:46.34]The largest recorded volcanic eruption,

[13:49.77]Tombora threw 150 million tons of fine ash into the sky.

[13:55.93]The ash from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days

[14:01.06]and remains in the air for years.

[14:03.59]Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space

[14:08.90]and thus cool the earth. For example,

[14:11.78]records of weather in England show that between April and November 1815,

[14:17.40]the average temperature had fallen 4.5F.

[14:23.16]During the next twenty-four months,

[14:25.68]England suffered one of the coldest periods of its history.

[14:29.43]Farmers’ records from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughout

[14:37.62]the spring and summer and sharp decreases in crop and livestock markets.

[14:42.37]Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and effect,

[14:47.87]by the time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated,

[14:52.90]no one realized the cause.

[14:55.62]Ecologists today warn that we face a twofold menace.

[15:00.34]The ever-present possibility of volcanic eruption,

[15:04.02]such as that of Mt. St. Helens in Washington,

[15:07.30]added to man’s pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and

[15:13.62]other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather.

[15:18.59]Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[15:24.37]26. What’s true about the effects of Tambora’s eruption according to the passage?

[15:49.98]27. Which was the cause of cold weather in England from 1815 to 1818?

[16:13.86]28. Why didn’t any one realize the cause of

[16:18.54]the deterioration of the agricultural market?

[16:38.05]Passage Two

[16:39.21]Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word.

[16:43.89]The best buildings are often so well constructed that

[16:48.49]they outlast their original use.

[16:50.52]They then survive not only as beautiful objects,

[16:53.89]but as documents of the history of cultures.

[16:57.77]These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals.

[17:01.30]Architecture is a social art.

[17:04.39]The revival of classical culture brought about an entirely new age,

[17:09.42]not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well.

[17:14.86]In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and

[17:19.30]Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted.

[17:22.68]They remained dominant until the 20th century.

[17:26.49]Many kinds of stone are used as building materials.

[17:30.55]Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because

[17:35.05]they are not burnable and can be expected to endure.

[17:38.30]Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture.

[17:42.49]The use of stone has declined, however,

[17:45.36]because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use.

[17:50.36]The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of buildings.

[17:54.74]More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings;

[18:00.33]they spend their income in large shopping centers,

[18:03.99]send their children to many different kinds of schools,

[18:07.30]and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics.

[18:12.14]All these different types of buildings accumulated

[18:16.33]experiences needed by their designers.

[18:18.27]By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture,

[18:22.49]which was influenced by new technology and mass production,

[18:26.80]was dealing with increasingly complex social needs.

[18:30.42]Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of

[18:36.52]glass and the use of reinforced concrete.

[18:39.27]Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[18:45.83]29. According to this passage, what can architecture be regarded as?

[19:12.36]30. Why were stone and marble used as building materials in the past?

[19:33.85]31. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

[19:56.18]Passage Three

[19:57.53]The interpretation of dreams has been a favorite activity of people

[20:03.00]for as long as we have had recorded history.

[20:05.68]Some of these dream interprets have become famous,

[20:09.31]and some, like the European psychologist Sigmund Freud,

[20:13.69]felt that all dreams have meanings which relate to

[20:17.59]our personal relationships with family members and friends.

[20:21.62]Good dreams include those in which

[20:24.93]we see ourselves succeeding in some difficult or

[20:28.00]pleasant activity such as singing, dancing,

[20:31.06]talking with our friends,

[20:33.34]or experiencing the happiness

[20:35.81]which may not occur in our waking hours.

[20:38.97]Many persons report dreams of competing

[20:42.59]in athletic competitions or music competitions.

[20:45.72]The performance in these events can go beyond anything

[20:50.26]we might experience in reality.

[20:52.31]Who among us has not dreamed of spending pleasant hours

[20:56.53]with our real or imaginary lover,

[20:58.97]enjoying his or her company in ways known only to those who have loved?

[21:04.34]Interpreters of such dreams give varied meanings,

[21:08.22]most of which are probably not very reliable.

[21:11.16]But, we often awake from good dreams in a good mood,

[21:15.34]rested and ready to face the day.

[21:18.03]Bad or unpleasant dreams include those which frighten us,

[21:22.40]recall unpleasant experiences from our lives,

[21:25.69]or present problems for which there is no evident solution.

[21:29.84]Dreams of failing an exam at school,

[21:32.81]dreams of losing a job or a good friend,

[21:35.41]dreams of accidents or death of a loved one in our family, etc.

[21:41.22]are unsettling and not easily understood.

[21:45.07]Some dream experts believe these dreams are now

[21:48.73]a threatening way to face a problem from real life.

[21:52.07]They give us a way to deal with the problem so that

[21:55.32]we may find it less stressful in our waking hours.

[21:59.51]Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[22:04.91]32. What do dreams relate according to Fred?

[22:27.92]33. Which is true about dream interpretations?

[22:49.97]34. Which dream belongs to the unpleasant dreams?

[23:11.55]35. Why do we feel less stressful when waking from bad dreams?

[23:33.13]Section C

[23:34.60]Directions: In this section,

[23:37.00]you will hear a passage three times.

[23:39.48]When the passage is read for the first time,

[23:42.41]you should listen carefully for its general idea.

[23:45.72]When the passage is read for the second time,

[23:49.50]you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with

[23:54.57]the exact words you have just heard.

[23:57.46]For blanks numbered from 44 to 46

[24:02.09]you are required to fill in the missing information.

[24:05.83]For these blanks, you can either use the exact words

[24:10.58]you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.

[24:14.74]Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,

[24:19.42]you should check what you have written.

[24:21.80]Now listen to the passage.

[24:24.61]Water projects in the United States gained a new principle in the 1930’s.

[24:30.71]And during this time the nation suffered

[24:33.46]its worst economic depression and the Great Plains region suffered

[24:37.86]its worst drought in recorded history.

[24:40.42]As the economy sank into a deep depression and unemployment rates increased,

[24:45.83]the political climate for direct federal government involvement

[24:50.18]in water projects improved.

[24:52.61]President Franklin Rooseveh’s first 100 days in office brought

[24:58.05]a number of new laws to deal with the severe economic depression.

[25:01.96]The natural pattern of the Tennessee

[25:04.89]River was characterized by large spring flows that

[25:08.39]produced destructive floods and low summer flows that inhibited navigation.

[25:14.05]The intensity and frequency of the events discouraged development

[25:19.71]and contributed to persistent poverty in the valley.

[25:22.90]To counter these natural obstacles,

[25:25.86]the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 created

[25:31.52]the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA),

[25:34.38]a public agency with broad powers to promote development in the region,

[25:39.40]including the authority to build dams and reservoirs

[25:43.25]and to generate and sell hydroelectric power.

[25:47.19]This organization used its authority to transform

[25:50.32]the River into one of the most highly regulated rivers

[25:53.94]in the world within about two decades.

[25:56.61]The TVA inherited the Wilson Dam,

[25:59.81]and by the beginning of the Second World War

[26:02.48]it had completed six additional multipurpose dams with power plants

[26:07.29]and locks for navigation.

[26:09.66]Investments in dams and hydropower facilities within

[26:12.97]the Tennessee Valley also received high priority during the war.

[26:17.07]The NIRA authorized the creation of the Public Works

[26:22.00]Administration to create jobs while

[26:25.10]undertaking work of benefit to the community.

[26:27.63]The NIRA also gave the United States President

[26:31.41]unprecedented powers to initiate public works,

[26:35.85]including water projects.

[26:37.75]Now the passage will be read again.

[26:40.94]Water projects in the United States gained a new principle in the 1930’s.

[26:47.66]And during this time the nation suffered its worst economic depression

[26:52.47]and the Great Plains region suffered its worst drought in recorded history.

[26:57.54]As the economy sank into a deep depression and unemployment rates increased,

[27:02.78]the political climate for direct federal government involvement

[27:07.23]in water projects improved.

[27:09.28]President Franklin Rooseveh’s first 100 days in office brought

[27:14.69]a number of new laws to deal with the severe economic depression.

[27:18.97]The natural pattern of the Tennessee

[27:21.81]River was characterized by large spring flows

[27:25.10]that produced destructive floods and low summer flows

[27:29.10]that inhibited navigation.

[27:30.94]The intensity and frequency of the events discouraged development and

[27:37.03]contributed to persistent poverty in the valley.

[28:50.26]To counter these natural obstacles,

[28:52.54]the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 created

[28:58.20]the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA),

[29:01.08]a public agency with broad powers to promote development in the region,

[29:06.33]including the authority to build dams and reservoirs

[29:09.70]and to generate and sell hydroelectric power.

[29:13.11]This organization used its authority to transform

[29:16.70]the River into one of the most highly regulated rivers

[29:20.38]in the world within about two decades.

[30:33.31]The TVA inherited the Wilson Dam,

[30:35.68]and by the beginning of the Second World War

[30:38.59]it had completed six additional multipurpose dams with power plants

[30:43.49]and locks for navigation.

[30:45.49]Investments in dams and hydropower facilities within

[30:49.03]the Tennessee Valley also received high priority during the war.

[30:53.31]The NIRA authorized the creation of the Public Works Administration to create jobs

[31:00.28]while undertaking work of benefit to the community.

[32:14.88]The NIRA also gave the United States

[32:17.66]President unprecedented powers to initiate public works,

[32:21.94]including water projects.

[32:24.63]Now the passage will be read for the third time.

[32:28.34]Water projects in the United States gained a new principle in the 1930’s.

[32:35.88]And during this time the nation suffered its worst economic depression and

[32:41.57]the Great Plains region suffered its worst drought in recorded history.

[32:46.04]As the economy sank into a deep depression and unemployment rates increased,

[32:51.10]the political climate for direct federal government involvement

[32:55.54]in water projects improved.

[32:57.63]President Franklin Rooseveh’s first 100 days in office brought

[33:03.20]a number of new laws to deal with the severe economic depression.

[33:07.63]The natural pattern of the Tennessee

[33:10.16]River was characterized by large spring flows

[33:13.57]that produced destructive floods and low summer flows

[33:17.60]that inhibited navigation.

[33:19.54]The intensity and frequency of

[33:22.97]the events discouraged development and contributed to

[33:26.32]persistent poverty in the valley.

[33:28.29]To counter these natural obstacles,

[33:31.29]the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 created

[33:36.86]the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA),

[33:39.99]a public agency with broad powers to promote development in the region,

[33:44.96]including the authority to build dams and reservoirs and to generate

[33:50.36]and sell hydroelectric power.

[33:52.24]This organization used its authority to transform

[33:55.80]the River into one of the most highly regulated rivers

[33:59.55]in the world within about two decades.

[34:02.02]The TVA inherited the Wilson Dam,

[34:04.96]and by the beginning of the Second World War

[34:07.83]it had completed six additional multipurpose dams

[34:11.40]with power plants and locks for navigation.

[34:14.39]Investments in dams and hydropower facilities within

[34:18.35]the Tennessee Valley also received high priority during the war.

[34:22.51]The NIRA authorized the creation of the Public Works

[34:27.38]Administration to create jobs

[34:30.04]while undertaking work of benefit to the community.

[34:32.98]The NIRA also gave the United States President

[34:36.91]unprecedented powers to initiate public works,

[34:40.70]including water projects.

[34:43.48]This is the end of listening comprehension.