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2002年12月研究生英语学位考试全真考试试卷
Part I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes, 15 points) Section A (1 point each)
1. A. He owns a radio factory. B. He owns an audio-video center.
C. He is a technician in a factory. D. He works at a radio station.
2. A. The woman works in a bookstore. B. The two speakers are visiting a museum.
C. The man is going to write a science fiction. D. The two speakers are talking about a movie.
3. A. A laser printer. B. A color printer.
C. A color copier. D. A computer.
4. A. The man doesn't have as many hobbies as the woman.
B. The woman is a professional painter.
C. The man is good at painting.
D. The woman doesn't have much leisure time.
5. A. A museum tour guide. B. A college teacher.
C. An at-home-mother. D. An aeronautical engineer.
6. A. John will keep walking. B. They have no idea what to do next.
C. They are going to buy some hot dogs. D. They'll eat in a table-service restaurant.
7. A. At home. B. In a hotel,
C. At a friend's house. D. In a school dorm.
8. A. The post office. B. A map store.
C. The local police station, D. A gas station.
9. A. They have both graduated. B. They are with the same company.
C. They both lost their jobs. D. They are both in a computer class
Section B (1 point each)
Questions 10 through 12 are based on the talk you have just heard.
10. A. Telecommunication was introduced.
B. Written communication developed rapidly.
C. People wrote postcards with pencils.
D. More people learned to; read and write.
11. A. They were used to promote business sales.
B. They were .collected, and traded by people.
C. People read postcards to get information on politics.
D. People used postcards to save on postage.
12. A. Laws that allowed postcards to be used as advertisements
B. Laws that allowed postcards to replace letters completely.
C. Laws that allowed manufacturers to develop postcard businesses.
D. Laws that allowed the use of postcards as a means of communication.
Questions 13 through 15 are based on the talk you have just heard.
13. A. Speaking smart in public.
B. Helping speech-impaired people.
C. Ways to help hearing-impaired people.
D. Ways to help reduce stammering.
14. A. They work with family members of the patients.
B. They work independently.
C. They work. with other specialists.
D. They work with physical health consultants.
15. A. The therapists let them 'imitate essential speech patterns.
B. The therapists let physicians treat them first.
C. The therapists ask them to ignore their anxiety.
D. The therapists use a program of speech exercise.
Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)
Section A (0. 5 point each)
16. Few people can give a coherent account of the film they saw the week before last.
A. clear B. liable C. chronic D. classical
17. He was a devoted scientist and made a thorough study of the plants in the area.
A. vigorous B. rigorous C. harsh D. ridiculous.
18. These red crosses on the drawing designate all the possible entrances to the ancient castle.
A. entitle B. indicate C. define D. clarify
19. Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.
A. excessive B. illustrated C. legible D. identical
20. Buyers have withdrawn from the market in view of the abrupt turn of the trend of prices.
A. unexpected B. ongoing C. enduring D. accelerated
21. I am always suspicious of anyone who wants to sell-me something on the ...cheap.
A. believable B. incredible C. doubtful D. curious
22. Susan has been blind from birth but she did not let her handicap stop her from going to college.
A. virtue B. insulation C. hindrance D. thrift
23. He described the situation as very dangerous and called for resolute action.
A. determined B. shaken C. courteous D. hopeful
24. Nuclear electric power reactors should be built on two major premises of assuring safety and strengthening disaster prevention systems, for emergencies.
A. guarantees B. preconditions C. convictions D. interactions
25. The players frustration mounted as the rain continued to pour down outside.
A. contentment B. disappointment C. gratification D. uproar
Section B (0.5 point each)
26. When a lawyer ____ a case, he or she tries to prove that the person who is on trial is guilty.
A. proclaims B. profiles C. propagates D. prosecutes
27. The doctor explained that he was prescribing a ______ drug; hence I needed only a very small dosage.
A. stout B. vigorous C. potent D. potential
28. Can you tell me on what ______ you believe he has killed the man?
A. grounds B. fountain C. proof. D. conclusion.
29. The tests are supposed to provide a basis for he _____ of children.
A. assignment B. assessment C. detachment D. appointment
30. By helpful kindness the teacher _______the new boy's shyness.
A. broke away B. broke off C. broke out D. broke d0wn,
31. Long skirts, have been out of fashion for a long time, but they are ____ this year.
A. coming put B. coming back C. coming on D. coming/off
32. Buildings are left to decay at the _____ of vandals and, the weather.
A. point B. attribute C. judgment D. mercy
33. "I need a little time to answer you," the speaker replied, and you could see that question had____ him off his balance.
A. made B. taken C. thrown D. got
34. Tidying up, in fall, many Swedish farmers machine-wrap their hay in "air-tight polyethylene to ____ it through winter.
A. prolong B. protect C. pile D. preserve
35. With the aid of a sonar type electronic device that he wears on his head, the blind man is learning to ____ the. People and objects around him by means of echoes.
A. provoke B. specify C. stimulate D. identify
Part I Cloze Test (10 minutes, 15 points)
Scientists who study the Earth's climate are convinced that volcano eruptions have a significant effect on general weather patterns. In fact, one of the. many _(36)_ which attempt to explain how an ice. age begins holds that the __(37)__ is a dramatic increase in volcanic eruptions. The volcanic explosions, besides causing local thunderstorms and lightning, inject great amounts of gas and __(38)_ into the stratosphere. At. This_ (39)_ , the volcanic material spreads all the way around the Earth. This volcanic material (40) a certain amount of sunlight and (41) some back into space. The net result is to (42) the planet's surface. For instance, (43) was perhaps the largest eruption occurred in 1883 when the Indonesia volcano Krakatoa exploded. The following year was (44) in Europe as the "year without summer" because the. (45) was so cool and rainy.
While there is (46) scientific agreement that volcanic eruption can lead to; cooling, (47) of how this happens are not clear. As a result, scientists cannot (48) whether the volcanic activity which (49) past ice ages would result (50) sufficient cooling to cause a glacial period. Similarly, it is not possible .for scientists to predict the climate effect of a future volcanic eruption with any confidence.
36. A. theories B. inventions- C. judgments D. discoveries
37. A. cause B. course C. means D. case
38. A. petroleum B. ash C. flame D. garbage
39. A. relation B. instance C. moment D. altitude
40. A. scatters B. releases C. constitutes D. absorbs
41. A. carries B. converts C. reflects D. gathers
42. A. cool B. warm C. freeze D. heat
43. A. such, B. what C. there D. that
44. A. known B. reported C. marked D. testified
45. A. air B. temperature C. sky: D. weather
46. A. committed v B. optimistic C. general D. absolute
47. A. indexes B. predictions C. details D. decisions
48. A. analyze B. determine C. assure D. assume
49. A. confronted B. promoted C. proceeded D. preceded
50. A. in. B. front C. to D. with
Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)
Passage 1
So far as I know Miss Barireah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be .happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if. what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning living and supporting his family.
The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it ,but it is purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.
Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as laborer work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not for example, coincide with the difference between manual and a mental job; a gardener or cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives' birthdays. To be the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.
51. The best title for the passage could be ___________.
A. Work, Labor and Play B. Ways Leading to Happiness
C. The Most Desirable Job in the World D. The Necessity of Leisure
52. If a person wishes to be happy; _________.
A. he must have something to do
B. he must realize the essential difference between work and labor
C. he must feel free first of all
D. he must do something valuable to society
53. A man is a laborer if _______
A. what he likes to do is not recognized by society
B. he has to make a living or supporting his family
C. he cannot get paid for what he does
D. he is forced to do what he doesn't enjoy
54. According to the passage, what is society's attitude toward the game we play?
A. Society regards play as another kind of labor.
B. Society doesn’t care what we play at all.
C. Society forbids us to play any game.
D. Society cares for private games very much.
55. Which of the following kinds of person is a worker?
A. A teacher who enjoys working with students
B. A white-collar employee, who is well paid
C. A man who does not mix work with play
D. A man who has good appetite and enjoys good health
56. What does the laborer think of' leisure?
A. He thinks he-has no time for it since he has to support his family.
B. He wishes to have as little leisure as possible
C. He hopes to have more leisure to play
D. He thinks it more important than health and family.
Passage 2
For decades, "U.S. school kids have chewed nervously on their No. 2 pencils as they sweated over multiple-choice exams. Now, testing fever is about to liven up. Sates are beginning to put into practice the No Children Let Behind Act the sweeping education law George Bush signed last January. The decisions reach state makes about how to proceed with the bill's mandates will determine whether "it improves .the' education children receive—-or actually lowers educational standards.
The scramble to meet the law's ambitious goals is already under way. States are required to test the math and English proficiency of every child, in grades three through eight, which must begin no later than 2005. Each year thereafter, schools must show progress on their test fail to improve will be subject to escalating penalties, ranging from being forced to bus their students to better schools to having their administrations tossed out. The idea: Use testing to shine a light on what students are learning and to prod schools to do better.
The concept is simple, the execution. Anything but, because each state ----- not Washington—gets to decide what proficiency means, it can in effect decide just how many schools are "failing". States also get to choose which testing system to use. If they follow the advice of most education experts, state officials will devote lots of time and money to designing high-quality tests that reflect the classroom curriculum and well-studied proficiency standards. A handful, such as Maryland and Massachusetts are doing just that.
But at a time of budget crises from Albany (capital city of New York state) to Sacramento (capital city of California State), many education departments are under pressure to take a quicker, less costly approach. With education budgets already under the knife, there are few extra funds to (improve classroom—and test scores—performance.
Facing an aggressive timeline, state educators are setting standards that won't cause too many students to fail on the upcoming tests. Connecticut, for example, recently set its benchmarks so that 80% of students will pass its tests under, the new federal guidelines. Louisiana and Colorado are following suit, while Wyoming set its proficiency goals so low that not a single school in the state is failing. Such moves prompted Education Secretary Rod Paige to fire off a blistering letter to the nation's school commissioners in late October, saying: "Some states have lowered the bar of expectations to hide the low performance of their schools. This is not worthy of a great country."
57. The new education law was meant to ____.
.A. urge schools to guarantee kids' proficiency in basic courses
B. give school kids easier tests in the future
C. push state governments to spend more money on education
D. ensure the right to education for minority and poor students
58. After 2005, a school administrator may get fired if ____. .
A. kids in his school do not show progress on their test scores
B. he doesn't shine a light on what students are learning
C. he does not bus his students to better schools
D. testing system in his school does not reflect the curriculum
59. Which of the following states seems doing well in executing the law?
A. Maryland. B. Connecticut. C. Louisiana. D. Wyoming.
60. The author thinks the new Act is ____.
A. easier said than done
B. of primary importance to the nation
C. raising, the national education standard
D. bound to fail in the future .
61. Some states found it difficult to meet the requirements of the new federal law because they did not __________.
A. have enough funds and time B. want to lose their students
C. like to appear aggressive before the kids
D. think the new standards, were reasonable
62. The author implies that as a result of the new Act,________.
A. educational standards in some states may be lowered
B. state governments will assign more money to education
C. about 20% of the American students may fail their tests
D. testing will eventually be eliminated in most schools
Passage 3
When anti-globalization protesters took to the streets, of Washington last weekend, they blamed globalization for everything from: hunger to the destruction of indigenous cultures. And globalization meant the United States. The critics call. it Coca-Colonization, and French sheep farmer Jose Bove has become a cult figure since destroying a McDonald's restaurant in 1999. Contrary to conventional wisdom, however, globalization is neither homogenizing nor Americanizing the cultures of the world.
To understand why not, we/have to step back-and put the current period in a larger historical perspective. Although they are related, the long-term historical trends of globalization and modernization are not the same. While modernization has produced some common traits, such, as-large cities, factories and mass communications, local cultures have by no means been erased. The appearance of similar institutions in response to similar problems is not surprising, but it does not lead to homogeneity. In the first half of the 20th century, for example, there were some similarities among the industrial societies of Britain, Germany, America and Japan, but there were even more important differences. When China, India and Brazil complete their current processes of industrialization and modernization, we should not expect them to be .exact copies of Japan, Germany or the United States.
Take the current information revolution. The United States is at the forefront of this great movement of change, so the uniform social and cultural habits produced by television viewing or Internet,, use,,, for instance, are often attributed to Americanization. But correlation is not causation. Since the United States does exist and is at the leading edge of the information revolution, there is a degree of Americanization at present, but it is likely to diminish over the course of the 21st century as technology spreads and local cultures modernize in their own ways.
Historical proof that globalization does not necessarily mean homogenization can be seen in the case of Japan. In the mid-19th century, it became the Asian country to embrace, globalization and to borrow successfully from the world without losing its uniqueness. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japan searched broadly for tools and innovations that would allow it to become a major power rather than a victim of Western imperialism. The lesson that Japan has to teach the rest of the world is that even a century and a .half of openness to global trends does not necessarily assure destruction of a country's separate cultural identity.
63. The purpose of the author is to_______.
A. report the progress of some news event
B. criticize extreme and violent actions
C. recall a certain period of American history
D. convince his readers of his viewpoints
64. Jose Bove is a French farmer who ____.
A. joined the Washington protest as a leading figure
B. believes globalization means Americanization
C. rose to fight against the American traditional wisdom
D. is a supporter of Coca-colonization in the world
65. The author refers to world history prove that modernization __________.
A. does not lead to homogeneity of local cultures
B. is somewhat related to globalization
C. is one of the long-term historical trends
D. has produced different traits in industrial countries
66. The author admits that a degree of Americanization dogs "exist because _______.
A. it is a long term historical trend of the world
B. industrial societies are almost, exact copies of the United States
C. Internet and TV promote the spread of American social and cultural habits.
D. local cultures are gradually weakened over the course of the 2tst century
67. Japan is mentioned in the passage to show that_________.
A. openness to globalization will not cost a nation's Cultural identity.
B. it was the first Asian country to develop successfully
G. the Meiji Restoration of 1868 was crucial in Japan's history
D. tools and innovations would allow a country to become a major power
68. We may conclude from the discussion here that the author strongly in defense of ________.
A. Americanization B. globalization
C. information revolution D. modernization
Passage 4
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise what would
normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of teat does not begin until well into the day.
Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to drink. Over 100 litters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, oh the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have lithe further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.
69. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Weather variations in the desert.
B. Adaptations of desert animals.
C. Diseases of desert animals.
D. Human use of desert animals.
70. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large-desert .animals?
A. It helps them hide from predators.
B. It reflects sunlight and protects the body against heat.
C. It helps them see their young at night
D. It keeps them cool at night.
71. The author uses Grant's gazelle as an example of _______.
A. an animal with a low average temperature
B. an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel
C. a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures
D. a desert animal with a const ant body temperature
72. When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower?
A. Just before sunrise.
B. In the middle of the day.
C. Just after sunset.
D. Just after drinking.
73. What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?
A. They do not need to eat much food.
B. They can eat large quantities of food quickly.
C. They easily lose their appetites.
D. They can travel long distances looking for food.
74. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?
A. To show how they use camels.
B. To contrast them with desert mammals
C. To give information about desert survival.
D. To show how they have adapted to desert life.
75. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation. of large desert animals?
A. Variation in body temperatures.
B. Ability to feed even when dehydrated.
C. Drinking water quickly.
D. Being active at night.
Passage 5
Joanne Innis was around 5 years old when she asked her .mother, "How come if you and Aunt Pat are sisters, you’re red and she's brown?”
When Glenda Larcombe hears a truck backing up, making a beep-beep-beep sound, she sees the beeps as a series, of red dots.
And when psychologist Thomas Palmeri gives one of his test subjects a difficult test----to spot a tiny “2” on a computer screen scattered with tiny “5s” --- the man finds it instantly: To him, the “2” shows up bathed in a different color.
These are all examples of synesthesia, an unusual phenomenon, whereby people experience different senses blending into one another. Some synesthetes experience individual words in particular colors. Others experience smells when exposed to shapes hear sounds inside tastes.
While most experts do not consider it a disorder—synesthetes are usually glad to have it the ability, and it sharply improves their .memory— research into synesthesia is teaching scientists important lessons, about the normal brain, perhaps even about aspects of creativity.
“Synesthesia is seven times more common among artists, novelists and poets," said Vilayanur Ramachandran, a rneurologist at the University of California at San Diego. “What do artists have in common? They have the ability to link seemingly unconnected domains.”
Ramachandran thinks that the power of metaphor and the blending of realities that artists strive for are phenomena that synesthetes experience all the time. While that is currently only a hypothesis, it is certainly true that synesthetes seem to experience the world; with more intensity—what scholars call "affect." However, many of them don't realize they: have .a. unique ability, believing that everyone else experience the same sensations, too.
Various explanation have been offered for synesthesia, and while there are ttantalizing clues and plausible theories, no one has yet identified a gene or found a neurotransmitter responsible for it. One theory is that everybody may born with synesthesia, that infants may experience the world as a jumble of interwoven sensation a and their different senses may slowly grow distinct, like lenses being brought into focus. Carol Mills, a psychologist at Goucher College, says synesthesia might also be a normal part of all adult brains—with synesthetes at one end of a spectrum.
76. People with synesthesia ______ .
A. are suffering from a mental disorder
B. mix realities with their experience
C. sense the world in an unusual way.
D. generally have confused thinking
77. People who “see" beep sounds from a truck as red dots _____.
A. can link the sense of hearing to sight in their minds
B. have the capability of sensing danger in advance
C. can take many difficult tests when they are asked to
D. may have been born with problems in hearing.
78. We may conclude from experts’ researches that synesthete artists, poets and novelists_________.
A. are mostly color-blind when they were young ,
B. may be more creative than their fellow; artists .
C. tend to have special powers in math
B. can teach scientists important lessons on arts
79. We learn from scientists various explanations that_______.
A. most people may lose synesthesia as they grow older
B. our senses may focus better than when we were young
C. mixed sensation may evolve from a abnormal part of the brain
D. people can train themselves to become synesthetes
80. To explain the phenomenon of synesthesia scientists need to________.
A. identify a gene or other mechanism in human brain
B. analyze why everybody is born to be a synesthete
C. go to the end of a spectrum in human brain
D. experiment with lenses brought into focus
Paper Two
Part V Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)
section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
One must recognize the very considerable multiplication of discipline in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous numbers of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centers of research and to meet each other in conferences. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all schemes of cooperation. But as the specializations have increased in number and narrowed range, there has been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advantages in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
中国面临的另一大长期任务是缩小沿海地区与中西部的经济差距。尽管政府制定了地区发展战略以减轻日趋严重的经济不平等现象，需要正视的关键性协调问题还应包括地区与地区之间的合作、资源从较富裕专向较贫穷省份的重新分配。
Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President on Classroom Lectures. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the following outline given in Chinese. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET II.
提要：你目前在学习硕士研究生课程，请你以实事求是的态度就一两门课的教学谈谈你的看法。 内容可以涉及课堂教学的内容、方法、教师的态度等。
（重要注意事项：你的信件中不得使用真实的学校名称和校长姓名。信中一律假定你的学校名为：Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 校长为：President Wang; 违反要求的作文不予记分。
2002.6
Part I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes, 15 points) Section A (1 point each)
1. A. He left by train. B. He missed his flight.
C. He didn't get a taxi. D. He took the eleven o'clock flight.
2. A. Andy's friends got better grades. B. Andy didn't work as hard as others.
C. Andy fell down from the stairs. D. Andy didn't get the grades he expected.
3. A. The shop assistant. B. The manager.
C. A customer D. A watch repairer.
4. A. She dislikes the book. B. She finds the book funny
C. She agrees with the author of the book. D. She is against the critic's opinion.
5. A. Working at a school. B. Staying at home.
C. Studying at a distant college. D. Leaving school for home.
6. A. He has another dinner appointment. B. He hasn't eaten out that much.
C. He knows the way to the restaurant. D. He does not like to eat out either.
7. A. The news about the firm is not true. B. The international company won't cooperate
C. Stockholders are spreading rumors. D. Their firm may lose its independence.
8. A. Because he didn't know how to react to the driver.
B. Because he was asked to pay more than he should.
C. Because the driver called his supervisor.
D. Because this kind of thing happens too often.
9. A. Bob deserves success in his exams.
B. Bob has been eating too much.
C. Bob is studying and working too hard.
D. Bob has found class very difficult for him.
Section B
Questions 10 through 12 are based oh a conversation between a scientist and an interviewer.
10. A. Possible but unacceptable B. Reasonable and justified
B. Impossible but useful. D. Difficult and fanciful.
11. A. There may be too many people produced m this world
B. A lot of women and children may be involved.
C. Some researchers may try human cloning at all costs.
D. Our world may have no principles to speak of.
12. A. Some cloned lambs have monstrous appearance.
B. The scientist supports animal cloning without reserve.
C. Cloning technique might kill mothers and babies.
D. Cloned humans may have little chance of survival now.
Questions 13 through 15 are based on a talk.
13. A. A type of machine B. A sort of race.
C. A pattern of farming. D. form of discussion
14. A. They use machinery in agricultural and industrial development.
B. They follow a path of development similar to the industrialized countries.
C. They adopt methods of development suitable to local conditions.
D. They develop industrial-type agriculture first of all.
15. A. adapt developing methods to their local conditions.
B. believe the persuasions of the developed world.
C. do any business with the industrialized countries.
D. use cattle such as donkeys in agriculture.
PART II VOCABULARY (10 points)
Section A (0.5 point each)
16. The police went out of their way to investigate the explosion case, but there were no indications that standard security arrangements were _____.
A. at hand B. at fault C. in question D. in effect
17. In my opinion, you can widen the ____of this improvement through your active participation.
A. dimension B. volume C. magnitude D. scope
18. He gave us an _____ consent to take the apples, for he smiled when he saw us do it.
A. explicit B. implicit C. impartial D. extravagant
19. One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he ____ almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city.
A. asks after B. runs for C. brings up D. takes after
20. The government is _____ and will take the necessary step to maintain security and stability.
A. on cue B. on the decline C. on the alert D. on purpose
21. Folk sayings______ us into the complex and subtle values that characterize the culture into which we are born.
A. initiate B. compress C. alleviate D. originate
22. The WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) established _____ the Second World War.
A. in accordance with B. in the wake of C. in advance of D. in conflict with
23. Most staff in this office did not like the manageress, for she was .known to be sly, selfish and____. A. manifested B. manipulative C. conscientious D. controversial
24. I think she hurt my feelings rather than by accident as she claimed.
A. virtually B. literally C. appropriately D. deliberately
25. Why should anyone want to read ______ of books by great authors when the real pleasure; comes from reading the originals?
A. digests B. themes C. leaflets D. insights
Section B (0.5 point each)
26. The political future of the president is now hanging by a thread.
A. concerted B. grave C. stable D. unprecedented
27. The novel The Soul of a New Machine, universally acclaimed on publication and for several weeks a best-seller, is a unique achievement.
A. abolished B. abbreviated C. abridged D. applauded
28. The reason was that it was not at that time ascertained that those materials were definitely to be used. A. determined B. argued C. pretended D. hypothesized
29. Diamonds that are flawed or are too small for jewelry are used to cut very hard metals.
A. tiny B. imperfect C. luminous D. crude
30. The ultimate constituents of anything that exists are atoms: atoms are real and nothing else is.
A. discovery B. dimensions C. components D. correspondents
31. In order to make the earth a better place for us to live in, we should try our best to perpetuate all species.
A. perplex B. persecute C. preserve D. prosecute
32. Every language in the world has evolved slowly and constantly from an older form into a newer one.
A. developed B. exhausted C. striven D. restored
33. Borman, describing the moon as a "vast, lonely and forbidding sight," added that it was "not a very inviting place to live and work."
A. ingenious B. repulsive C. attractive D. meaningful
34. Impressed by the women's desire to learn) Sachs and Brown helped them hammer out a business plan.
A. hang out B. set out C. figure out. D. work out
35. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached from what was going on.
A. interested in B. hostile to C. indifferent to D. afraid of
PART II CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, l5 points)
The religions of the world have produced great books, with great lessons to teach. If we followed. 36 is written in the books, the world would certainly be a better place. 37, most people, even so-called "religious" people, do not 38 follow the paths of goodness and righteousness so beautifully described by their religion.
To many people, the house of 39 (church, for example) is more a place to 40 than anything else. They come to see-and to talk to their friends, to show 41 then-fine clothes. They come because "people would talk" 42 -they didn't come. They come to be entertained by the 43 or rabbi, who tells interesting stories and reads beautiful words; or to hear the beautiful songs of the 44 . They, come to eat, drink, and be 45 . They do hot come to learn how to live a better life.
Sometimes going to church can 46 one's feelings of pride. People are told of the .great history of their group of how their group suffered hardship in the past 47 eventually prevailed over the enemy. They are 48 on the good they have done and on the good their church has done. They contribute money to feed one 49 family in Africa or to pay for a scholarship so that one poor child can go to the country for a summer, and they feel reassured that they have done 50 that they should to make the world a better place.
36. A. which B. what C. how D. that
37. A. Unfortunately B. Undoubtedly C. Roughly D. Obviously
38. A. passively B. truly C. eventually D. inevitably
39. A. worship B. assembly C. ceremony D. convention
40. A. confess B. socialize C. exchange D. converse
41. A. around B. up C. off D. over
42. A. when B. if C. unless D. for
43. A. layman B. minister C. churchgoer D. convert
44. A. auditorium B. symphony C. orchestra D. chorus
45. A. merry B. gloomy C. merciful D. sober
46. A. confirm B. obscure C. conceal D. suppress
47. A. but B. therefore C. and D. thus
48. A. illustrated B. congratulated C. evaluated D. exaggerated
49. A. minority B. hungry C. disabled D. illegal
50. A. such B. so C. all D. like? :
PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points)
(1)
The Gulf Stream, which runs like a friendly blue river across the cold green Atlantic Ocean, is one of the mightiest powers in the world. By comparison, the Mississippi and the mighty Amazon are but small rivers. Two million tons of coal burned every minute would not equal the heat that the Stream gives forth in its Atlantic crossing. Without the Stream's warmth England's pleasant green countryside would be as cold as Labrador, which is no farther north than England. If this "river of blue were cooled as much as 15 degrees, England, Scandinavia, northern: France and Germany would probably become a region for the Eskimos.
The general course of the blue river has never been known to change; From Florida north the Stream follows the curve of the coast but stays well away from the shore. When the warm waters meet the icy Labrador currents, the Stream loses some speed and heat, but even with icebergs at its margin it stays warm enough for tropical sea life
As the Stream nears Europe ii divides north and south. The northern drift mixed with the Arctic Ocean. The southern drift comes again into the path of Africa's hot trade winds, and the waters hurry; back to the Gulf of Mexico, gathering again their store of heat. The Complete course; of the Stream, therefore, is like a tremendous 12,000-mile whirlpool.
Scientists think that it takes three years for the Stream to make a complete trip. Their belief is based on the courses of bottles that have been thrown into the Stream to drift. These bottles contain papers, printed in many languages, requesting the finders to note the places and dates of finding and mail them back. Government experts on ocean currents have records of thousands of these "bottle papers." .
Other oceans have such currents. In the North Pacific, for example the Japanese Current makes the climate of coastal Alaska and America’s west coast mild. Science is still not satisfied with what it knows about these currents. But for most of us it is enough to know; that the Gulf Stream and similar; currents give warmth to countries that would otherwise be very cold indeed.
51. The phrase that best expresses the main idea of this selection is_____.
A. interesting facts about the Gulf Stream
B. scientific experiments on the Gulf Stream
C. currents similar to the Gulf Stream
D. tropical sea life in the Golf Stream
52. The water in the Gulf Stream is_________.
A. pleasantly green B. icy and blue C. cold and green D. warm and blue
53. The effect of the Gulf Stream on England is to__________.
A. make possible the green countryside B. make England a region for Eskimos
C. cool pleasantly the air in England D. make necessary the burning of coals in winter
54. Scientists have used papers in bottles to determine the number of_____.
A. beliefs about the experiments of the bottles
B. languages spoken along the course of the Gulf Stream
C. years needed for the Stream to make a complete trip.
D. similar currents that have not yet been found
55. Many countries should be thankful to the Gulf Stream and similar currents for_____.
A. cool summers B. moderate climates
C. scientific findings D. specific records of ocean currents
56. We may infer from the selection that_______.
A. the Gulf Stream is a longer river than the Amazon
B. trade winds are the major cause of our climatic changes
C. northern Europe is becoming colder and colder now.
D. scientific studies of this kind; are still going on
(2)
The Pony Express is an outstanding example of courage, endurance, and determination in the westward expansion of the United States. Caught between warring soldiers and Indians, the Pony Express carried important communications 2,000 miles from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California in ten days.
The Pony Express made its first historic run in April 186. Despite its long-lived reputation, it lasted only 18 months, until October 1861. The Pony Express was a fast, efficient operation, but even with its high prices (averaging $1 to $5 an ounce and sometimes totaling $1,000 in receipts in a single day), it failed completely as a financial venture. Its expenses far surpassed receipts. Even though the Pony-Express was credited with helping to keep California in the Union at the outbreak of the Civil War, the organization never received any financial assistance from Congress.
More than 190 stations were built for the Pony (as it was familiarly called). Five hundred horses and 80 riders were used. Most of the riders were seasoned scouts and skillful guides; all were expert horsemen. Each rider changed horses three times in his 90-mile shift per day, covering some of the most dangerous territory in the West. The ponies were usually half-breed California mustangs, quick and full of endurance.
The basic equipment of the Pony Express— a leather vest, or mochila, containing the mail - was placed over the saddle of the animal. Designed; for .its lightness and ability to be transferred quickly from horse to horse, the mochila had four leather cantinas, or boxes, sewn to it to carry the mail. Openings in the front of the mochila allowed it to fit snugly over the saddle, yet when a rider came into a station, he had only to jerk free the mochila and throw it onto another saddled, fresh horse, and he was on his way. To ensure tire privacy of tire mails, the four pockets, containing the letters, which were wrapped in oiled silk for protection, were locked from St. Joseph to Sacramento.
57. What does .this passage mainly discuss?
A. The development of the post office from the Pony Express.
B. The history and purpose of the Pony Express.
C. The importance of the Pony Express during the Civil War
D. How the Pony Express ensured privacy in the mail.
58. According to the second paragraph, the main reason for the failure of the Pony Express was__________.
A. continuing wars with Indian tribes
B. the outbreak of the Civil-War
C. its high operating costs
D. the lack of swift ponies to carry the mail
59..What does the underlined word "seasoned" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Selected. B. Long-termed. C. Experienced. D. Temporary.
60. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being true of the Bony Express riders?
A. They were expert horsemen, B. They changed horses during their shifts.
C. They traveled through dangerous territory. D. They were highly paid.
61. In paragraph 3, the author suggests that___________.
A. endurance was a necessary quality for Pony Express horses
B. Pony Express horses were specially trained
C. Pony Express horses were supplied by their riders
D. mustangs were used for the Pony Express because of their acute directional abilities
62. Based on the text, which of the following persons is mostly likely to have the key to mail pockets?
A. An authorized receiver of the mail.
B. An express rider messenger.
C. A sworn express station clerk.
D. A high-ranking official of the town.
(3)
Some people are accustomed to think that facts must either be believed or they must be disbelieved ---as if belief were like a light switch with only two positions, on or off. My use of the bathtub hoax is intended to illustrate that belief does not have to operate as a simple yes or no choice, all or nothing. Belief can be more conditional; it can be something that we decide to have "up to a point" or "to degree". And so, the question we might ask ourselves while reading does not have to be "Should I believe it or hot?" but instead can be "How much should I believe it?" This latter question implies that the belief we have in any given fact, or in any given idea, is not determined by whether it sounds right or whether the source is an authority, it means that our beliefs are determined by the reason that justify them. Belief is not a mechanical action, brought about by invariable rules of nature. It is a human activity, the exercise of judgment. With this in mind, we might say that we perform this action better when we know what the reasons are that have led to our belief, and why they are good reasons.
These observations do not deprive us of our ability to believe in what we read. They are not intended to transform you from credulous believers into stubborn doubters. The process of weighing beliefs against the quality of reasons is one that you already go through all the time, whether you are aware of it or not. We all do. The practice of critical reading is the exercise of this kind of judgment on purpose. By doing it, we protect ourselves from being led into belief for inadequate reasons, but at the same time we open up our minds to the possibility of arriving at belief for adequate ones. If we decide to grant or withhold consent based on the quality of the reasons that we are given, we admit at the same time that two things are possible; We admit that we might consent less in the future if we discover that the reasons are not so good after all; and we admit that we might consent more if we are ever presented with better reasons than we had formerly known. This attitude is not pure skepticism any more than it is pure credulity. It is somewhere in between. It is the attitude of an open-minded thinker, of someone who wishes to be responsible for deciding for herself or himself what to believe.
63. The author's use of the bathtub hoax is meant to suggest that______
A. facts must be believed unconditionally
B. belief is more than a simple yes or no choice
C. nothing should be believed or disbelieved
D. belief is nothing but a light switch
64. Which question is NOT encouraged to be asked while you are reading?
A. Should I agree with the author?
B. To what extent should I believe it?
C. Why should 1 consent to it?
D. What makes it sound and reasonable?
65. To believe or disbelieve what you read should be based on_____.
A. the facts that you are given
B. whether the author is open-minded or not
C. the quality of reasons provided by the material
D. the assumption that you know about it
66. As a human activity, weighing the facts about something is actually_____.
A. determined by the rules of nature
B. a purposeful performance
C. brought about even at birth
D. experienced by everybody
67. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
A. our attitude toward what we read may change if we are given, more reasons.
B. An open-minded thinker is responsible for what s/he says.
C. Critical reading can make us believe more in what we read.
D. We ought to question the value of what we read if its source is not authoritative.
68. What is the topic of this passage?
A. Judgment and responsibility.
B. Reading and belief.
C. Distrust and faith.
D. Reading and human activity.
(4)
They are unnecessary but wanting them seems to be part of human nature, Cosmetics are any preparation applied externally to the body so as to condition, beautify, and protect it. Annual sales of cosmetics in America, mostly to women, are approaching 20 billion dollars a year — four times more than the entire motion picture industry makes. Worldwide, cosmetics sales are estimated at four times the U.S. total Of the estimated 1,000 registered cosmetics companies, nearly a third of the sales are by the top three, Avon, Revlon, and Estee Lauder; 55 percent by the top eight.
Cosmetics fall into six categories. The top category is makeup, cosmetics for the face and eyes, having sales of about billion dollars a year. The trend is for makeup that is good for the skin, and the "look" swings from natural and earthy to the fantastic. Women's hair care products are the second biggest category, at about 4.5 billion dollars a year. This market remains strong thanks to specialization-products for oily hair, dandruff, color-treated hair, and so on. Skin care products are a close third at 4.3 billion a year. This category is growing as the population ages. Although studies show that simple ingredients such as lanolin and petroleum jelly produce beneficial results, marketers keep introducing new "improved" products. The fourth largest category, women's fragrances, have yearly sales of 4.1 billion dollars. Fragrances employ sensational advertising to generate a feeling of excitement, glamour, and sex. In contrast, the fifth largest segment, personal cleanliness products at 3.9 billion a year, has a dull image. The smallest market, just a billion dollars a year, is men's toiletries. Experts keep predicting this category will boom, but it has not happened.
69. It is implied in the passage that_____.
A. sales of women's fragrances depend mostly upon advertising
B. a natural look is currently most fashionable
C. personal cleanliness products have greatly improved their image
D. men's cosmetics are likely to become a big category in the near future
70. According to the passage, what proportion of cosmetic sales in the United States?
A. One third B. 50 percent C. 4 percent D. One quarter
71. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the American cosmetic market?
A. It is dominated by foreign-owned corporations.
B. About 1,000 companies make 20 billion dollars every year.
C. The cosmetics industry is dominated by a few big companies.
D. Eight cosmetics companies compete for the U.S. market.
72. According to the passage, modern makeup products are____.
A. the biggest selling category of cosmetics
B. capable of greatly enhancing a woman's appearance
C. beneficial for the health of the skin
D. primarily intended for the face and eyes
73. According to the passage, hair care products
A. sell better to older population groups
B. sell best to women with color-treated hair.
C. are increasingly being developed for special needs
D. using lanolin and petroleum jelly yield positive results.
74. What will the paragraph following this passage probably discuss,?
A. What can be done to create more exciting fragrances?
B. Recent innovations in the packaging of body soap.
C. Specific reasons why men's toiletries have not sold well.
D. Historical examples of the use of cosmetics by men.
(5)
Theories accounting for the physical process of color vision have undergone many changes since 1801, when Thomas Young first suggested that three types of cone in the retina respond to stimulus from red green and blue light, or a mixture of these three basic colors. This concept of "additive" color has been retained, with modifications-made as new discoveries, of the eye's functions have been uncovered. Today, the most popular theory is that there are color opponent cells in the eye that work to excite response to one basic color and inhibit another, while achromatic cells respond to whiteness or darkness. The interactions between these 'cells produce the, huge range of colors that we see.
When it comes to naming these colors, however, an entirely different process takes over language. At one stage it was believed that language defined how one viewed the world, by restricting perceptions to terms available within each language. Thus the Dani people of New Guinea (were thought to see everything literally in black and white, as these were the only color terms within their language.
Experiments over a wide range of colors, however, showed that there were 11 basic color terms. In English these colors are black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, brown, purple, pink, gray, and orange. In any culture with less than these 11 basic terms, such as the Dani, the choice of basic names will follow the order above. What was striking about the study was that the Dani were able to perceive color variations as ably as anyone from a culture with the full number of basic color terms. This led researchers to the unsurprising conclusion that although languages differ, perceptions remain identical.
75. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Origins of Color among Primitive Peoples
B. The Myriad Colors of the Living World.
C. The Perception of and Language for Color
D. Linguistic Causes of Color-blindness
76. What aspect of Thomas Young's idea about color vision remains a part of today's theory?
A. That there are three basic colors in vision.
B. That color vision is culture based.
C. That color vision results from combining basic colors.
D. That there are three cones in the retina.
77. How many different kinds of cells are there thought to be in today's theory of color vision?
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four
78. Why did researchers at one time think the Dani could see only two colors?
A. Because they believed that language defined one's world view.
B. Because they believed that the Dani were a primitive culture.
C. Because the Dani only drew black and white pictures.
D. Because tile Dani's view of the world determined their language.
79. If a culture had only four colors in its language, what would they be?
A. Red, blue, yellow, and white.
B. Black, white, gray, and red.
C. Black, white, green, and brown.
D. Black, white, red, and yellow.
80. What led researchers, to reject the theory that language restricts perception?
A. They discovered that all cultures have II basic colors.
B. They leaned more about the physical structure of the eye.
C. They discovered that people with few-color terms could see as well as people with many color terms.
D. They discovered that people with fewer color terms could actually see fewer colors.
PAPER TWO
PART V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (20minutes, 1 0 points)
There is no substitute for education. There is no substitute for wisdom. Each generation owes it to itself and to its posterity to protect its culture, to enrich it, and to transmit it. The institution that mankind has worked out for that purpose is the institution known as education. The aim of education is wisdom, and each one of us must have the chance to become as wise as he can.
Educated people seek truth, but truth is never easy to find, never wholly revealed, seldom fully understood, but always to be sought. Truth wears no label and the seeker has no guarantee of success. Life is an unending adventure in this search and education a training and a preparation for it — the supreme means of ennobling and enriching these sources of the human mind and heart.
Section B (20 minutes, 1 0 points)
中国经历了20世纪的种种艰难险阻，正在向前迈进。世上其它的古老文化消亡了，是因为它们没有进行变革。中国则始终显示出变革和成长的能力。今天你们应重新构想新世纪的中国蓝图，你们这一代必将成为中国复兴的核心力量。
PART VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: An increasing number of parents are sending their children to study abroad. Analyze this social trend and give your views on this phenomenon in at least 150 words. Write in the appropriate space on Answer Sheet II.
2001.12
1. A. David wanted to leave in the morning.
B. He wished he'd thought of David before.
C. David can go to the amusement park himself.
D. He's surprised that David changed his mind.
2. A. Because she is full
B. Because she is sick.
C. Because she is worried about putting on weight.
D. Because she doesn't like the apple pie.
3. A. He is doing very well in the course.
B. He isn't having much trouble.
C. He understands very little of the lecture.
D. He understood the reading last night.
4. A. Took a photo of him. B. Bought him a picture.
C. Held a birthday party. D. Bought him a frame for his picture.
5. A. He is still being treated in the hospital.
B. He has had an operation.
C. He'll rest at home for another two weeks. ;
D. He returned to work last week.
6. A. He has edited three books.
B. He-has bought the wrong book
C. He has lost most of his money.
D. He has found the book that is needed.
7. A. Read the article while she waits in line.
B. Have her copies made outside the library.
C. Use a different machine to make her copies.
D. Look for a different magazine article.
8. A. Writing an essay. B. Studying for a test.
C. Shopping for shoes. D. Reading a magazine.
9. A. She never keeps other people waiting.
B. She wanted the man to help her with her assignment.
C. She's upset that the man didn't tell her he'd be late.
D. She's glad that the man phoned her.
Section B (1 point each)
A. Directions: Questions 10 through 12 are based on a talk given by an American diplomat to a Chinese student audience. The talk and the questions will be read only once, so listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow:
10. A. Education. B. Environment. C. Equality D. Economy
11. A. They have reached an agreement recently.
B. They have been trying to join efforts.
C. They have increased their production.
D. They have seriously limited their options.
12. A. Because it can stimulate economic growth.
B. Because it means another era.
C. Because it guarantees us a hopeful future.
D. Because it creates a good variety of jobs.
B. Directio
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