注意篇章结构合理布局









　　（一）掌握技巧：



　　（1）注意篇章结构，合理布局



　　开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要点、核心问题。

　　正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。

　　结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的总结和概括。

　　要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容.



　　（2）确定主题句



　　主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。



　　写主题句应注意以下几点：

　　①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点

　　②提炼出一句具有概括性的话

　　③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。



　　（二）巧用连接词



　　要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词



　　表示罗列增加



　　First, second, third,

　　First, then / next, after that / next, finally

　　For one thing … for another…,

　　On （the） one hand…on the other hand,

　　Besides / what's more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,

　　Especially / In particular,



　　表示时间顺序



　　now, at present, recently,

　　after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,

　　at first, in the beginning, to begin with,

　　later, next, finally,

　　immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment

　　form now on, from then on,

　　at the same time, meanwhile,

　　till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,



　　表示解释说明



　　now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually



　　表示转折关系



　　but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand,

　　in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except （for）, instead, of course, after all,



　　表示并列关系



　　or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither…nor



　　表示因果关系



　　because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore,

　　as a result （of）, otherwise, so…that, such…that



　　表示条件关系



　　as （so） long as, on condition that, if, unless



　　表示让步关系



　　though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,whatever,

　　whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how （who, what, which, where, when,whom）



　　表示举例



　　for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example



　　表示比较



　　be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with （to）…just like,just as,



　　表示目的



　　for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,



　　表示强调



　　in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,obviously, above all,



　　表示概括归纳



　　in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,



　　（三）掌握常用句型：



　　1. in order to

　　为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。

　　He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.



　　2. in order that

　　她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。

　　She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 o'clock……



　　3. so…that

　　他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。

　　They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.



　　4. such…that

　　天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。

　　It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.



　　5. would rather do…than do

　　他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。

　　He would rather listen to others than talk himself.



　　6. prefer doing to doing

　　他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。

　　He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.



　　7. prefer to do…rather than do

　　比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。

　　Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.



　　8. not only…but also

　　在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。

　　In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctor's degree.



　　9. either…or

　　如果考试过关，你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。

　　You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.



　　10. Neither…nor

　　他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。

　　He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.



　　11. as well as

　　他善良又乐于助人。

　　He was kind as well as helpful.



　　12. …as well

　　这个小孩活泼又可爱。

　　The child is active and funny as well.



　　13. One…the other

　　你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。

　　Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black.



　　14. Some…others

　　每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。

　　Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.



　　15. make…+adj /n

　　我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。

　　What we do will make the world more beautiful.



　　16. not…until

　　直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。

　　I didn't know the truth until she told me what happened.



　　17. as if

　　他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。

　　He talks a lot as if he knows everything.



　　18. It is no use （good） doing…

　　假装不懂规则是行不通的。

　　It's no use pretending that you didn't know the rules.



　　19. find it + adj to do…

　　我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。

　　I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.



　　20. It is + time since…

　　我已经有两年没见他了。

　　It is two years since I last met him.



　　21. It is + time when…

　　我到电影院时已经八点钟了。

　　It was 8 o'clock when I got to the cinema.



　　22. It is + time before…

　　不久我们就会再见面的。

　　I won't be long before we can meet again.



　　23. It is…that…

　　我最珍视的是友谊。

　　It is friendship that I value most.



　　24. It is + n / adj + that / to do…

　　每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机

　　It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.

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