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Unit 1 Good friends
一、本单元重点单词与短语
1．argue
vi.（1）争论，辩论；争吵（＋with /over /about）（2）提出理由（＋for /against）
vt.（1）辩论；议论（2）主张，认为[＋that]
I’m not going to argue with you tonight. 我今晚不想与你争辩。
He argued against the plan. 他据理反对这个计划。
We argued the matter over for hours.
我们为这事辩论了几小时。
Columbus argued that the world was round. 哥伦布认为地球是圆的。
2．smart adj. (smarter; smartest)意思是“聪明的；机敏的；精明的；时髦的；轻快的”。
The dog is a smart animal. 狗是聪明的动物。
A smart tie and a dirty collar don't go well together. 漂亮的领带与肮脏的领口在一起不相称。
He went off at a smart pace. 他快步走了。
3．survive
（1）vi. to remain alive or in existence 活着，继续存在
The man was very ill, but he survived. 这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来了。
（2）vt. to live longer than; outlive 比……活得长；to live or persist through从困境中活过来或挺过来
She survived her husband by five years. 她比她丈夫多活了五年。
The house survived the storm. 经过暴风雨袭击，这所房屋并未倒塌。
派生词：survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存者
survival n. 幸存；生还；死里逃生
4．share
vt.均分；分配
vi.分享；分担[（＋in）]（＋out /among /between）分享；分担；共同使用（＋with /among /between）
n.共享, 参与，一份，部分，份额，参股
The money was shared out between them. 这笔钱由他们分。
Sam and I share a room. 山姆和我合住一间房间。
He shared with his friends in distress. 他和朋友共患难。
We shared in his joy. 我们分享了他的喜悦。
He has some share of his father’s genius. 他继承了几分他父亲的天才。
The company was formed with 2000 shares. 该公司拥有两千股份。
I had no share in the matter. 我未曾参与此事。
The navy had a large share in bringing about the victory.
海军对于获胜有很大贡献。
5．crash：v. to undergo sudden damage or destruction on impact 损毁，坠毁；碰撞中造成的突然损毁；to dash to piece; smash 坠毁；撞坏
Their car crashed into a guardrail. 他们的车撞上了护栏。
The airplane crashed over the ocean. 飞机在海洋上空坠毁。
It was not long before a helicopter arrived on scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
不久，一架直升飞机飞到现场，来营救飞机失事的幸存者。
He crashed the glass against the wall. 他把玻璃猛力地向墙上摔去。
A computer program or a computer is said to crash when the CPU loses control.
当CPU失控时，我们称计算机程序或计算机崩溃。
crash还可以用作名词：n. a sudden loud noise, as if an object breaking 碰撞声；物体破裂发出的很响的声音
Didn’t your wife have that crash? 不是你妻子撞坏的吗？
6．be into…: be interested in or involved with： [口]对……（极）有兴趣；热衷于；入迷
She’s really into pop music. 她很迷流行音乐。
They are into vegetarianism. 他们对素食主义感兴趣。
I used to be into stamp collecting. 我以前对集邮感兴趣。
7．be fond of 喜欢……；爱好……
I am very fond of jazz. 我非常喜爱爵士音乐。
He is fond of playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。
8．care 的基本用法：
①to be concerned or interested 被关心或关注
Once inside, we didn’t care whether it rained or not.
一进室内，我们就不在乎下不下雨了。
②to provide needed assistance or watchful supervision 看护，照料提供有必要的帮助或小心仔细的监护
Please care for the wounded. 请照料伤员。
care for an aged relative at home 照料家中年老的亲人
③to object or mind 反对或介意
If no one cares, I’d smoke.
如果没人反对的话，我就抽烟了。
④to have a liking or attachment 感兴趣或喜爱
I didn’t care for the movie at that time. 我那时不喜欢看电影。
⑤to have a wish; be inclined 希望；倾向于
Would you care for another helping? 你还想得到帮助吗？
习惯用法：
give care 留意，用心
take care 当心
take care of 照料；关怀；处理
under the care of 由……管理；在……的照料下；在……的保护下
with care 小心，慎重
care for 喜欢；想要；关心，关怀；照料；介意
care nothing about 对……漠不关心；对……毫不介意
care nothing for 不嫌；不顾，对……不在乎
child care 儿童保育；儿童护理
health care 卫生保健
二、重难点句子
1．I also like reading, especially stories about people from other countries.
我喜欢阅读，尤其喜欢阅读其它国家的人物故事。
especially：to an extent or degree deserving of special emphasis; particularly.
（1）特别；格外
I love Italy, especially in summer. 我喜欢意大利，尤其是在夏天。
There is one part of the country with an especially large Indian population. That is the southwest.
美国有一个区域的印第安人特别多，那就是美国西南部。
People, especially youngsters don’t seem so polite these days.
如今人们，尤其是年青人好像不那么讲礼貌了。
－Do you like chocolate? 你喜欢吃巧克力吗？
－Not especially. 不是特别喜欢。
（2）专门
This crown was made especially for the King. 王冠是专为国王制造的。
（3）especially和specially
especially意思是“特别地”、“不寻常地”，强调程度，常用在进一步补充说明前面所叙述的事的时候，前面一般用逗号隔开，一般用来修饰形容词、介词短语或状语从句。specially意思是“特意地”、“专门地”，强调目的，一般用在表示目的的不定式或介词for短语前面。试比较：
It has been especially hot this summer. 今年夏天特别热。
She likes the country, especially in spring. 她喜欢乡村，尤其是在春天。
Cooking is a great burden to me, especially when we have guests.
做饭对我来说是一个很大的负担，特别是有客人来时更是如此。
Though the weather was especially cold and windy, I came here specially to see you.
我是专程来这里看你的，尽管天气特别冷，风特别大。
This robe was made specially for the king.
This robe was especially made for the king.
这件长袍是专门为国王做的。
注意：以上例句中的especially和specially均不能交换使用。
2．Other favorite hobbies are reading and singing. 我其它的爱好是读书和唱歌。
句中的“favorite”意思是“最喜欢的，最偏爱的”，没有比较级和最高级。英语中我们学过的类似形容词还有：excellent, wonderful, perfect 等等。
3．Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. 摇滚音乐不错，滑雪我也挺喜欢。
（1）so is skiing中的so后面用倒装结构，意为“也如此，也一样”。
I was tired, and so were the others.我累了，其他人也一样。
I like dancing, and so does my sister. 我喜欢跳舞，我姐姐也喜欢。
[注意]so置于句首时后面不倒装时，意为“确实如此，正是那样”。
－Father, you promised!
－Well, so I did.
（2）so的用法小结：
①代替表语或谓语时，使用倒装语序，“也……”
You are an engineer, and so is she. 你是工程师，她也是工程师。
②Mary can speak Chinese, and so can her brother. 玛丽会讲汉语，她的兄弟也会讲汉语。
She likes dogs; so does he. 她喜欢狗，他也如此。
“So do I.”answered the policeman in the same tone.
“我也喜欢。”警察以同样的声调答了话。
②代替上文提过的形容词、名词、动词等，“那样的，不错，真的”，即对上文陈述的肯定。
You say he is diligent. So he is. 你说他很勤奋，他确实很勤奋。
It rained last night. So it did. 昨晚下雨了。是的（下了）。
He hopes to have a scholarship, and I hope so, too.
他希望能获得奖学金，我也希望那样。
③用作say, call, speak, tell, think, hope, expect, suppose, imagine, fear, hear, do等动词的宾语
I think so. 我想是这样。
Well, I told you so, didn’t I? 我不是对你这样说过的吗？
4．In the movie Cast Away, Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland.
在电影《荒岛余生》中，汤姆?汉克扮演一位名叫查克?诺兰德的男子。
（1）句中的play a man named chuck Noland 也可这样表达：
play the part of Chuck Noland
play the role of Chuck Noland
play Chuck Noland
意思是“扮演一位名叫查克?诺兰德的男人”。
（2）a man named Chuck Noland 意思是“一个名叫查克?诺兰德的男子”。
此词组也可采用以下表达法：
a man with the name Chuck Noland
a man called Chuck Noland
a man whose name is Chuck Noland
a man by the name of Chuck Noland
5．He also learned that he should have cared more about his friends.
查克还认识到，自己本该多多关心朋友的。
should have done sth. 常常用来表示说话人对过去应该做某事而实际上某事没有被完成的一种责备、警告和感慨。例如：
The flowers have faded, you should have watered them in time.
花已经凋谢了，你应该及时浇水。（事实上过去没有浇水）
You are late by 15 minutes. You should have come here earlier.
你已经迟到15分钟了，你应该来早点。（事实上来迟了）
另外，should have done 也可用来表示“对已发生的事情的一种惊讶”。例如：
It is an unbelievable thing that such an excellent football team should have failed in the finals.
像这样一支出色的球队竟然会在决赛中失利真是一件令人难以相信的事。
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