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1．see sb. off意为“为某人送行”。例如：
① I saw him off for Beijing yesterday.
我昨天送他动身到北京去。
②Mary saw him off at the bus station.
玛丽把他送到汽车站。
2．注意下列短语的用法
by bus 乘汽车
by train 乘火车
by air 乘飞机
by boat 乘船
by land 陆路
by sea 水路
on foot 步行
在上述短语中，名词前不用冠词，但在ride in a bus/car(乘坐汽车)和take a bus/taxi短语中则要用冠词。
3．say“Hi”to的含义
say“Hi”to相当于say hello to，是一种常用的问候语。其构成形式为动词+名词+介词。
另外类似的还有：
say good-bye to向……告别
say sorry to向……致歉
say yes/OK to同意……
say no to不同意
take care of关心，照料
pay attention to注意
例如：
① Let\’s drive over there in the afternoon and say hello to him.
我们下午开车去向他问好。
② You must pay attention to what you hear on the tape.
你一定要注意你听到的录音。
4．see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”
see 为感官动词，通常可跟动词-ing形式或不带to的不定式作宾语。常见的感官动词还有：hear，watch，notice，observe等。例如：
① I saw him walk up the hill.
我看着他继续上山(动作的全过程)。
② I saw him walking up the hill.
我看见他正在上山。(动作正在进行)
【注意】 若see变为被动语态，那么不定式应带to。例如：
③He is often seen to walk up the hill. 经常看见他在上山。
④The lost child was last seen playing in the garden.
被丢失的孩子最后被看见是在花园里玩耍。
5．“be about to +不定式”结构表示即刻就要发生/做的事。例如：
①We are about to attend a meeting. 我们将要参加会议。
② They are about to finish their homework.
他们立刻就能完成他们的家庭作业。
【注意】 在这种结构中，不能用表示时间的副词来修饰，若说成：I am aboutto leave next week. 则是错误的，应去掉修饰词 next week。
6．take off是常用的短语动词，意为“下车；脱掉(衣服等)；起飞”。例如：
① We are going to take off at the next stop. 我们下站下车。
② He took off his cap and sat down. 他脱掉帽子，坐了下来。
③ The plane took off at 7 a. m. 飞机早晨七点起飞。
7．for miles and miles 是由介词加名词构成的个词短语，在句中作状语用。再如：
①for days and days“一连好几天”
②for weeks and weeks“一连好几周”
③for months and months“一连好几个月”
④for years and years“一连好几年”
8．nothing except =nothing but =only 意为“除……之外没有”，“仅有……”。
例如：
①Under the soil there is nothing but sand. 土壤下只有沙子。
②I had nothing in the world but a million-pound note.
除了一张一百万英镑的钞票外，我是一无所有。
9．happen to的两种用法
1)happen to sb. /sth. 一般用来强调某事发生的偶然性，如要表示事先安排或有准备的事件，则用 take place。happen 和 take place都不能用于被动。如：
① What has happened to him?
(=What\’s wrong/the matter with him?) 他怎么了？
② What\’s happening to the forest?
这一片森林正发生着什么情况？
③ The accident happened to him at three this afternoon.
今天下午三时他出了事。
④If anything happens to the machine, do let me know.
如果机器出了什么毛病，务请通知我。
⑤Great changes have taken place in our country in the past/last fifteen years.
十五年我们国家发生了巨大变化。(不用happen)
⑥ The sports meeting took place(=was held)in our school last week.
上周我校举行了一次运动会。(不用 happen)
2)happen to do 表不“碰巧……”，如：
①I happened to be out when he called.
＝It happened that I was out when he called.
他来访时我碰巧出去了。
②I happened to have read the article when he asked me about it.
＝It happened that I had read…
当他问我有关那篇文章的问题时，我碰巧读过。
▲简单句改为复合句时须注意不定式动词转换成谓语动词的时态变化。
▲在It happened that…句型中，It为引导词，不能用人称代词。请注意其否定句中的否定词位置的转移，如“我碰巧身上没带钱”可有以下几种 表达法：
③I happened not to have any money with me.
=I didn\’t happen to have any money with me.
＝I happened to have no money with me.
= It happened that I had no money with me.
＝ It happened that I didn\’t have any money with me.
10．be made from，be made of 和 be made into
1)be made of和be made from 都是“用……制成”的意思，介词of和from都可以表示一件制成的东西所用的原料，但两者在用法上是有区别的。
be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的质地形状，制作过程仅发生了物理变化。be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生了化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。试比较：
① The desks and chairs are made of wood. 这些课桌椅是木材制成的。
②The ink bottles are made of glass. 墨水瓶是玻璃制成的。
③ Salt is made from sea water. 盐是用海水制成的。
④ This kind of wine is made from wheat. 这种酒是用小麦制成的。
⑤ Books are made of paper and paper is made from wood. 书是纸制成的，而纸是用木材制成的。
2)be made into意思是“被制成……”，是被动形式，也可用主动 make…into…“把……制成……”。例如：
① Glass can be made into many kinds of things. 玻璃可制成许多种东西。
=We can make glass into many kinds of things.
我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。
②Wood can be made into paper. 木材可制成纸。
＝paper can be made from wood. 纸可以用木材制造。
＝We can make wood into paper. 我们可以把木材制成纸。
3)be made in意思是“在……制作的”，in表示制造的地方。
①This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 这种汽车是在上海制造的。
②Watches made in Shanghai last long. 上海造的表经久耐用。
4)还有一个词组 be made up of，意思是“由……组成”。例如：
①The team is made up of three doctors and six nurses.
这个队是由三名医生和六名护士组成的。
常用句型结构
1．How about…? (＝What about…?)意思是“……怎么样？”，为口语中的常用句型。
常用来询问消息，征求同意，提出请示，了解看法；其后可接名词，代词，动词- ing形式等。如：
① How(What) about the volleyball match? 排球赛的情况怎么样？
②What about a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样？
③ How(What) about a game of chess?下盘棋怎么样？
④ How (What) about helping me off with the damp clothes?
帮我把湿衣服脱掉怎么样？
⑤How (What) about his lecture? 他的演讲怎么样？
2．It is/was +adj.＋inf.可作为一个句型来学习。例如：
①It is lucky to meet you here. 有幸在这儿见到你。
②It is not easy to get him to change his mind.
要他改变主意是不容易的。
③It is important for us to learn English well. 我们学好英语很重要。
④It is difficult for the little boy to carry the heavy box.
对那个小男孩来说，搬起那个重箱子是困难的。
3．感叹句
用来感叹名词，用 what，其句型为：What(a)+名词+主语+谓语！
感叹形容词、副词用how，其句型为：How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语！例如：
① What fine weather it is. 多好的天气啊！(名词不可数)
② What clever students they are! 他们是多么聪明的学生啊！
③ How clean and tidy the room is! 多么干净整洁的房间啊！
④ How dangerous the tiger is! 这老虎太危险啦！
⑤ How heavily it rained! 雨下得真大啊！
4．take与时间短语连用时常用以下两种句型结构
1)“It takes/took(+人)+时间+动词不定式”。例如：
① It took them a whole day to finish the job.
完成那项工作花了他们一整天时间。
② It takes a lot of time to put this article into the computer.
把这篇文章录入电脑要花很多时间。
2)“某活动+take(+人)+时间”。例如：
①The journey took us at least five days.
那次旅行花了我们至少5天时间。
②Doing such a work must take much time.
做这项工作一定要花很多时间。
③The wound took a long time to heal.
这伤口过了很久才痊愈
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