
本文属阅读资料,没有听力
新闻刊物在引用官方人士讲话时难免出现官方语言。同时还必须指出有些记者文风上也受官方英语的影响,所写的文章也会出现官腔官调。在阅读美英报刊时我们要注意培养鉴别的能力。所谓官方英语(Official English ),即美英政界,军界,外交界政府部门所使用的英语,也可以称为Government English.
官方英语,特别是官僚英语常常官气十足,矫揉造作。⑴“一棵树”(a tree)会被说成“a reforestation unit”; ⑵“未完成”(not yet finished)会说成是“in the early state of finalization”; ⑶ “在之前“(before)会说成”prior to”; ⑷“取得某一看法“(get an idea)会说成”secure an idea”.
官方英语也常常含糊其词,欲盖弥彰。明明是“辐射释放”(radiation release),却说成为“能量释放”(energy release); 分明是“撤退”,却说成“阵线调整”(an adjustment of the front); 是“少数贫民区”(ghetto)却说成为“内城区”(inner city ); 说“原子弹”觉得会引起恐惧感就说成“反人员武器”(antipersonnel weapon); “中子弹”(neutron bomb)常常被美化成“清洁弹”(clean bomb)
官方英语的用词特点是偏爱大词,空词。例如:①modification (change); optimize(make the best use of ); ②subsequent to (after);③ causative factor(cause); ④initiate a project(begin a project); ⑤exercise options (make choices) ; ⑥a substantial segment of the population(many people); ⑦interpose an objection (object); ⑧comprising numerous agricultural units (make up of many farms );⑨ effectuate / implement a policy (carry out a policy).
官方英语特别爱用委婉语。例如:①grey area (area with low employment); ②clean bomb(neutron bomb中子弹); ③sanitation engineer ( janitor) 卫生工程师(校工); ④landscaper( gardener) 园丁; ⑤visual surveillance ( spying) 视觉监视(间谍) ;⑥ normalization of relations between the two countries ( recognition of a foreign government) 关系正常化的两个国家(承认外国政府).