I．Useful Sentence Patterns

1. 比较结构：

Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.

In 1998 we produced as many computers as we did in the previous years.

People now enjoy a better life than before.

The harder you work at English, the greater progress you will make.

I prefer to work rather than to sit idly.

I prefer staying at home to going shopping on Sundays.

The population is rising while the natural resources are declining.



2. 关于利弊、优缺点的句型

A has a lot of advantages over B.

Compared with B, A has many advantages.

be of benefit to sb./ sth. benefit sb./ sth. benefit from sth.

do a lot of good to be good for do damage to do harm to

be as good as; be not so good as

not so much…as…



3. 说明原因的句型

There are two (some, many)good reasons for sth./ to do sth.

Many factors may contribute to / account for this problems.

We have two good reasons for…

The reason for …is that…

The reason for … lies in many aspects.

4. 表示不同看法的句型

Different people have (hold ) different views/ opinions on this question/ problem/ matter/ issue. Some believe that… Others argue that… Still others maintain that…

People’s opinions on…vary from person to person.

They are quite different from each other in their opinions.

They think quite differently on this question.



5. 表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事

It’s important (necessary, urgent, desirable) for sb. to do sth.

It’s high time that we did sth. (注意that引导的从句要用虚拟语气，动词用过去式)

have trouble / difficulty/ problem (in) doing sth. have trouble with sth.



6. 表示因果关系

The cause of / reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.

Because / As / Now that / Since the demand has increased, the prices are higher.

An increase in demand causes / results in / lead to / produces higher prices.

The demand has increased. Therefore, / As a result, / For this reason, / Consequently, the prices are higher.

If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise / go up / boost / will be higher.

7. 辩论中常用的句型

There is no doubt that…

It is obvious apparent that…/ It should be noted that…/ it shouldn’t be ignored that..

It is true that… but it doesn’t mean that…

As is known to all that…/ it goes without saying that… / No wonder that….

What’s more important,… / I’m convinced that…

8. 举例

For example/ For instance… / Let’s have an example…

A case in point is that…

Another good example is that…

9. 谚语

As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides.

As a proverb says, everything has two sides. On the one hand,… On the other hand,…, So we should look at the matter from different aspects.

As is known to all, no pains, no gains.

10. 强调句型

Only in this way, can we do it well.

It was not until then that people began to realize the importance of controlling population.



II. Three Types of Compositions

1.提纲式

It Pays to Be Honest

(introduction) What is honesty? Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in act. Considered a virtue, it is admired in every country and every culture. He who lives and cheats is dishonest. Dishonesty is generally looked upon as an evil, and is despised and condemned by everyone.

(当今社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。) However, there are people who try to get benefits by dishonest means. For example, some students copy the exercise done by others or cheat on examinations, in order to get good marks. The same thing may be said of a merchant who tries to get rich by deceiving customers. Those people may succeed for a time, but sooner or later, they will bring them nothing but troubles.

（诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。）As the English proverb goes, honesty is the best policy. For one thing, if you want to be trusted and respected by your friends, you must be honest. A liar is always looked down upon and avoided by the people around him. For another, if you want to succeed in your work, the first qualification you should have is honesty. Therefore, whatever your aim is, you must work honestly to attain it.

1 分析优点\缺点

Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports

1.参加体育运动的好处。

2.但也有副作用。

3.你的体会。

The Two-Day Weekend

1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。



2．双休日可能给大学生到来的问题。

3．我应当怎样过好双休日。

Advantages and Disadvantages of Having Part-time Job

At present, more and more university students are doing part-time jobs. They work as family tutors, waiters, salesmen and so on. Like everything else, having a part-time job has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

First, students can have the chance of earning pocket money and this can reduce their parents’ financial burden. In addition, they can put what they have learned in use. And most important of all, they can get some working experience and get to know the society. For example, they can learn to get along with people. That’s what can’t be learnt from books.

But every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of having a part-time job are also apparent. For part time jobs may take up too much time and energy, and may influence their study. (to begin with…to make matters worse…worst of all)

Through the above analysis, we can see that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore, students may benefit from their part-time jobs so long as they can keep a good balance between study and work.

2 My view on...

Reading Selectively Or Extensively

1. 有人认为读书要有选择。

2. 有人认为要博览群书。

3. 我的看法。

Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?

1． 很多人认为有必要进行英语口语考试，理由是……

2． 也有人持不同意见

3． 我的看法和打算

My View on Donating Blood

People’s views on donating blood vary from person to person. Some people think that it is glorious to donate blood. They hold this opinion because those who are in urgent need of blood can be saved. But others hold the opposite idea. In their opinion, blood is precious and blood donating may do harm to their health.

As to me, I agree with the first opinion. The reasons of my choices are as follows. First, while it is true that loss of too much blood is dangerous, it doesn’t mean that donating a little blood is harmful. On the contrary, doctors say that donating a little blood can help the body function better. Second, there is a short supply of blood in China, so it the duty of every citizen to donate their blood. If our little blood can pull back somebody on the way to death, will there be anything that can make me even happier.

Therefore, we should advocate blood donating.

1． 有人以收入丰厚为择业标准。

2． 有人以自己是否喜爱为择业标准。

3． 你的观点是

Choosing a Profitable Job or a Job I Love

Nowadays, there is a contradiction about choosing a job profitable or a job I love. Some people hold the opinion that in such a competitive society, survival is the foremost and the most important of all. If one can’t afford himself, how can he choose something he likes to do? On the contrary, if one has high salary and enough money, he can do anything he wants to do. As a result, those people will try their best to find a profitable job.

At the same time, other people argue that human beings come to the world nakedly, and leave nakedly. The only thing they can do is to choose something they enjoy and job takes up 2/3 time of the life span, so why not do a job they love. How can one live his life just for money? “I prefer happiness than wealth.” Is those people’s motto.

In my opinion, not only does one live in the world for himself, but he has many responsibilities for his parents and others. So I think it crucial to have a profitable job.

Form my point of view, if I can’t find a job which is both profitable and interesting, I may choose the one I love, for I think money isn’t the only that is important, and I’d like to make my job a life long enjoyment.

3 how to… 如何解决？

How I Finance My College Education

1． 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决

2． 哪种途径适合我

How to Eliminate Fake Diplomas

It is reported that the flooding of fake diplomas is becoming a serious social problem recently. When employers lay much emphasis on their candidates’ education background, different kinds of fake diplomas appear in society. It’s unfair that one fails to get his job just because his rival has got a fake diploma or certificate. Therefore, fake diplomas do harm to the job market.

Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, companies and universities should have a close contact so that the fake diplomas can’t play tricks. Besides, the one who fabricates the fake diplomas should be severely punished by law and totally exposed through media. Finally, the one who uses a fake diploma should also be disqualified from the job market and be fined or punished by law. This may give a lesson to others.

These are not the best and the only measures we can take. But it’s high time we took actions to get rid of fake diplomas.

4 Why…分析原因 （必要性/危害性）

My Ideal Career

Why I Came to College

Why College Students Take a Part-Time Job

Why There Is a Boom in Adult Education

Chinese People are Living Longer

My Favorite TV Program Why I Take the College English Test Band Six



… there are many reasons/ causes for… but in general, they come down to three major ones. /// There are many factors that may account for/ contribute to the reason why…

For one thing…

for another…

perhaps the prime reason is that….

From the foregoing…

5比较

To Live in the City or in the Country

To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond

To Live with Your Parents or to Live Alone

(两者各有特点，比较起来我的选择是……)

1) When you… you will be faced with the choice between…

2) First of all, A.. also, B…,

A… likewise B…

Despite their similarities, A and B are also different in many ways.

First A…however B

Besides A… in contrast B…

Perhaps the most striking difference is that…

* A(point 1, 2, 3); however/ in contrast B(point 1, 2, 3)

3) therefore your choice may depend on…, if you want… you may… if you want…,…may be a better choice.

So it is obvious that neither choice is sufficient to solve the problem. It’s better to combine the two…

Needless to say, compared with…, …may be a better choice for most people.



Exam-oriented or Quality-oriented Education

When we come to talk about education reform, it is inevitable to meet the choice between exam-oriented education and quality-oriented education. We ought to be regarded inconsiderate if we rushed our decision without comparing them.

To begin with, the purpose of both education methods is to impart knowledge to students. The exam-oriented education can enable students to remember a lot of information from books. However, the quality-oriented approach can help students learn from practice. Besides, the exam oriented way is to help students get high scores so that they can further their study in higher schools. In contrast, the quality-oriented education mainly aims at promoting students’ abilities. Finally, the most striking difference is that under the exam-oriented system, students have to learn passively regardless of interests while under the quality-oriented system, students can learn actively.

Therefore, it is not difficult to make a right choice now. That depends on our purpose of education and our criterion of evaluating a good student.

To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond?

There are distinct differences between working in a large or small enterprise. In large enterprises, you can derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization. You may get well paid, have better trainings and good working condition. And you can get in touch with advanced management.

In a small enterprise, you have bigger responsibilities and your decision may bring immediate effect. Normally you are exposed to various experiences and are expected to do a great many things without much help or guidance.

Personally I prefer to work in a small enterprise, where my prospect of promotion is good as long as I work hard. To tell you the truth, I’d rather become a well-known and important figure within my own small pond.



2.图表式

1） 描述图表，得出结论

描述图表的内容：

according the chart, we can see that

….has more than doubled, ….has greatly increased from 2% to 14%,

…has decreased dramatically…

a marked change has taken place in…

…has become a very serious social problem.



According to the figures shown in the table/ graph we can see / conclude that…

The graph shows / tells us/ reveals that…

As is shown/ can be seen in the chart, …

The table gives information about…

It can be seen from the statistics that…

The table represents the development and changes in agricultural structure in the past 30 years.



描述增减变化

There is a slight / slow / steady / rapid/ dramatic / drastic increase / decrease / decline / reduction / fall / drop in demand/ income/ population / prices / production.

… is on the rise / decline // increase/ decrease

compared with the number of 1986… it still increased by 3680, with an increasing proportion of 2%.

The number of … grew / rose / has increased / changed / goes up from … to…

The amount of … has more than doubled/ tripled…

tend to rise/ has a tendency to rise

The population will amount to 1200 million in 2020.

… while/ whereas…



描述时间

over the period from 1986~1994

in the past half century

in the 3 years spanning from 1985 through 1987

between 1987 and 1997Com

2）分析原因发表议论there are many factors leading to the change/ problem

3）提出建议或解决方法the change will be more obvious and greater

…. keep increasing…

…we should be on guard against… and take immediate action to solve the problem…



3.书信式

1) the reason for writing the letter

2) to offer the solution to the problem (what you have done or what you intend to do)

or to express your opinions

3)Restate the reason for writing or end the letter with:

I look forward to hearing from you in the future/ write soon/ look forward to your reply, etc.

2003年12月27日四级写作范文

Part V Writing Directions: In this section you are required to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1．建议报考的专业及理由；

2．报考该专业的基本条件；

3．应当如何备考。

A Letter of Reply to a Friend

December 27, 2003

Dear Wanglin,

When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English.

To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What’s more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.

In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.” As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary.

In addition, you’d better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university. (193 words)

Yours

（注：字数有些过多。同学们写135词左右即可。本文的连接词非常重要，起到穿针引线的作用。另外，主语从句，定语从句，状语从句，虚拟语气，举例，倒装，引用谚语，承上启下的用法等都是老师在课堂上所重点加以强调的。你看，用上了这些东西，自己再加一些简单句，就可以很容易地写出好文章。）

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