本文属阅读资料，没有听力
一般情况下,介词后要跟宾语,但有的介词后没有直接跟宾语,我们把这种介词比作与搭档分离的介词.这种形式虽然出现在教材里的不同结构中,但对于多数学生而言还是一个不解的"谜"。本文将帮助同学们找出谜底。
一、被动结构中,其中的动词是含有介词的短语动词:
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
Some people don't want good farmland to be built on.
二、某些语气特别强烈的句子中:
Your face I shall never look at again.
三、部分感叹句中:
What a mess you've got into!
四、疑问词+介词的缩略结构中:
What for?
Who with?
五、W-疑问句中:
What will the money be used for?
六、定语从句中:
-Have you decided what music you'd like us to play at the party?
-Oh, at the end some songs that everyone's familiar with, then they can join in.
七、不定式短语中:
1. 作定语的不定式:
I'd rather have some fish to begin with.
2. 作状语的不定式:
If we go on polluting the world, it won't be fit for us to live in.
He is difficult to deal with.
3. 作宾语的不定式:
As soon as the reporters know what to write about, they get down to work.
I really didn't know who to turn to then.
八、名词性从句中:
It is therefore possible to say not only what the weather is like at present, but also what is likely to happen in the next day or two.
But if I give you a ring, then you will know what it's about.
九、部分V-ing短语中:
He's not worth listening to.
十、在强调句中:
It was Tom that I gave the magazine to.
It was the cotton mill that I went to last month.
这些介词真的没有宾语吗?
事实上,这些句子中介词的宾语(句中划线部分)都因某种原因而前置,介词也就留在了句末(有时它后面还有状语或其它成分),这种现象叫"介词后置"。
但在下列情况下应避免介词后置:
1. 使用字母较多的介词时:
He stood behind the big window, through which he could see the stranger.
2. 介词通常不能放在跟有名词的疑问词后:
With what tool?(通常不说:What tool with?)
During which period did it happen?(通常不能说:Which period did it happen during?)
3. 在句法上介词与其宾语(而不是与动词)联系紧密时,这时把介词放在句末看起来不大自然:
He doesn't say by what reasoning he arrived at that conclusion. (通常不说:He doesn't say what reasoning he arrived at that conclusion by.)
The rage in which she left frightened them all. (通常不说:The rage which she left in...)
有时介词是否后置的差别存在于语体方面:
1. 在疑问句和否定句中:
On what did you base your prediction?(正式语体)
What did you base your prediction on?(口语体)
一般说来,这时口语体要求把疑问词单独放在句首而正式语体则应用"介词+疑问词……?"结构.
2. 在正式语体中,介词也可以放在不定式短语前面,这时介词后面需要有一个关系代词:
I need something to write with. (一般)
I need something with which to write. (正式)
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